新聞英文同義字練習題及其它文法整理之一
In the small world of people who train dogs to sniff cancer, a little-known Northern California clinic has made a big claim: that it has trained five dogs - three Labradors and two Portuguese water dogs - to detect lung cancer in the breath of cancer sufferers with 99 percent accuracy.
1 Claim means (a) reclaim (b) declaration (c) determination (d) baggage claim
The study was based on well-established concepts. It has been known since the 80's that tumors exude tiny amounts of alkanes and benzene derivatives not found in healthy tissue.
2 Well-established means (a) beautifully adorned (b) deep-grained (c) superficial (d) well-received
3 Derivative means (a) spin-off (b) dependence (c) deodorant (d) description
Other researchers have shown that dogs, whose noses can pick up odors in the low parts-per-billion range, can be trained to detect skin cancers or react differently to dried urine from healthy people and those with bladder cancer, but never with such remarkable consistency.
4 Pick up means (a) lean (b) receive (c) repulse (d) fetch
5 Remarkable means (a) slumbering (b) striking (c) smearing (d) softening
6 Consistency means (a) conspiracy (b) accuracy (c) fantasy (d) confluence
The near-perfection in the clinic’s study, as Dr. Donald Berry, the chairman of biostatistics at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, put it, “is off the charts: there are no laboratory tests as good as this, not Pap tests, not diabetes tests, nothing.”
7 Off the chart means (a) jobless (b) homeless (c) childless (d) groundless
As a result, he and other cancer experts say they are skeptical, but intrigued. “Yes, we were astounded, as well,” Mr. McCulloch said. “And that’s why it needs to be replicated with other dogs, plus chemical analysis of what’s in the breath.”
8 Skeptical means (a) doubtful (b) truthful (c) beautiful (d) forceful
9 Intrigue means (a) impressed (b) interested (c) forgiven (d) betrayed
10 Replicate means (a) remembered (b) researched (c) repeated (d) reduced
He is applying for National Science Foundation grants to try just that, he said. The fact that the study was carried out by a clinic supported by the Pine Street Foundation that combines traditional chemotherapy with acupuncture and herbal medicine raised suspicions, as did the fact that it is to be published by a little-known journal, Integrative Cancer Therapies. (The journal published it online last year.)
11 Chemotherapy means (a) treatment using chemicals (b) hydrotherapy (c) treatment using electricity (d) talking cure
12 Acupuncture means (a) treatment using prayers (b) treatment using needles (c) treatment using herbal tea (d) treatment using burning incense
But experts who read the study could not find any obvious fatal flaw in its methodology, and the idea that dogs can detect cancer is “not crazy at all,” said Dr. Ted Gansler, director of medical content in health information for the American Cancer Society. “It’s biologically plausible,” he said, “but there has to be a lot more study and confirmation of effectiveness.”
13 Flaw means (a) strength (b) flow (c) float (d) defect
14 Plausible means (a) understandable (b) feasible (c) practicable (d) pleasant
15 Confirmation means (a) verification (b) stupefaction (c) intensification (d) modification
Dr. Berry noted, half-jokingly, that Gregor Mendel, the 19th-century discoverer of the laws of genetics, also reported data on his crossbreeding of green and yellow peas that was too good to be true: he repeatedly came up with the perfect 3-1 ratios he predicted. In Mr. McCulloch’s study, the five dogs, borrowed from owners and Guide Dogs for the Blind, were trained as if detecting bombs. They repeatedly heard a clicker and got a treat when they found a desired odor in many identical smelling spots.
16 Come up with means (a) bring down (b) bring forth (c) bring up (d) bring into being
17 Identical means (a) ideal (b) the same (c) different (d) similar
The clinic collected breath samples in plastic tubes filled with polypropylene wool from 55 people just after biopsies found lung cancer and from 31 patients with breast cancer, as well as from 83 healthy volunteers.
18 Biopsies means (a) cloning of living organs (b) removal of dead tissue (c) removal of living tissue (d) cultivation of living cells
For breath from lung cancer patients, Mr. McCulloch reported, the dogs correctly sat 564 times and incorrectly 10 times. (By adjusting for other factors, the researchers determined the accuracy rate at 99 percent.)
19 Determine means (a) deice (b) decide (c) defoliate (d) delink
“The fact that dogs did this is kind of beside the point,” he said. “What this proved is that there are detectable differences in the breath of cancer patients. Now technology has to rise to that challenge.”
20 Beside the point means (a) incomplete (b) irrelevant (c) irregular (d) irresponsible
Even if the dogs are accurate in repeat experiments, Dr. Gansler of the American Cancer Society said, it will be useful only as a preliminary scan.
21 Preliminary means (a) beginning (b) last (c) ultimate (d) eventual
Ops (Greek: oraw sight )
遠視__________ 近視 __________老花眼__________ 眼科大夫__________ 光學的__________ 眼鏡商__________ 驗光師__________ 驗屍__________
Graph, gram (Greek: write, writing, draw, drawing)
色譜儀_______心電儀________心電圖__________地震儀___________地震圖__________測謊機_________文法___________ 圖表___________ 生動的___________ 傳記___________ 自傳___________ 攝影___________ 字典編纂___________電報___________ 拍電報___________ 寫書法___________
親筆簽名___________ 段落___________ 書目___________ 節目___________ 專論___________ 密碼學___________