tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-349841422011-04-21T17:29:57.637-07:00Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.comBlogger131100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1166068609564588052006-12-13T19:56:00.001-08:002006-12-13T19:56:49.576-08:00The Evolution of Faith (Synonym and Vocabulary 35)<br />隨機，偶然<br />Randomness<br />取代<br />Displace<br />chance<br />Replace<br />跪下來<br />Fall on one’s knees<br />超自然現象<br />Paranormal<br />Kneel down<br />Supernatural<br />立即的<br />Imminent<br />深信不疑<br />Conviction<br />Immediate<br />Faith<br />要求<br />Imperative<br />命題<br />Proposition<br />Command<br />Thesis<br />認知<br />Cognitive<br />有關，呼應<br />Correspond to<br />Of knowing<br />echo<br />救贖<br />Deliverance<br />倡導，推廣，主張<br />Promoter<br />Salvation<br />Advocate<br />與生俱來的<br />Hard-wired<br />製作<br />Fashion<br />Innate<br />Make<br />描繪<br />Delineate<br />推測<br />Speculate<br />Portray<br />Conjecture<br />探討<br />Enquiry<br />新的，新奇<br />Novel<br />Exploration<br />New<br />解釋<br />Be responsible for<br />原始人<br />Hominid<br />Account for<br />Primitive mankind<br />信仰<br />Spirituality<br />幾乎<br />virtually<br />Belief<br />一定會<br />Be bound to V<br />引起<br />Provoke<br />發出隆隆聲<br />rumble<br />Stir up<br />回顧<br />Survey<br />詮釋<br />Cast<br />本能的<br />Intuitive<br />Explain<br />信念<br />credence<br />施以<br />Inflict<br />Paronym 1. mine (Latin root: Stand 3)<br />Impose<br />立即的<br />Imminent<br />從…的觀點<br />In terms of<br />著名的<br />Prominent<br />From the point of view of<br />優秀的<br />eminent<br />2. Uni (Latin root: one 11)<br />倡導人，提倡者，<br />鬥士<br />Champion<br />一致的<br />Uniform<br />Advocate<br />單邊的<br />Unilateral<br />作為…基礎<br />Underpin<br />統一<br />unify<br />Underline<br />單位<br />Unit<br />緊抓住<br />Cling to<br />單細胞<br />Unicellular<br />Hold on to<br />獨角獸<br />Unicorn<br />理性的<br />Rational<br />結合<br />Union<br />sensible<br />獨一無二<br />Unique<br />中性的<br />Unisex<br />聯合<br />Unite<br />宇宙<br />Universe<br />3. vit (latin root: 生命7)<br />有活力的<br />Vital<br />活力<br />Vitality<br />復甦<br />Revive<br />存活<br />Survive<br />維他命<br />Vitamin<br />活潑<br />Vivacious<br />生動的<br />Vivid<br />4. the (Greek root: put 7)<br />主題<br />Theme<br />假設<br />Hypothesis<br />命題<br />Thesis<br />反命題<br />Antithesis<br />合成<br />Synthesis<br />理論<br />Theory<br />理論家<br />Theorist<br />5. mem, mnem (Greek root: memory 9)<br />記憶<br />Memory<br />記得<br />Remember<br />背誦<br />Memorize<br />紀念<br />Commemorate<br />紀念的<br />Memorable<br />紀念堂<br />Memorial<br />回憶錄<br />Memoir<br />備忘錄<br />Memorandum<br />遺物<br />Memento<br />6. claim (Latin root: 叫喊8)<br />宣稱<br />Claim<br />歡呼<br />Acclaim<br />抨擊<br />Declaim<br />否認<br />Disclaim<br />驚叫<br />Exclaim<br />宣佈<br />Proclaim<br />收回權利<br />Reclaim<br />喧嘩的<br />Clamorous<br />7. voc (Latin root: 呼召 14)<br />挑釁<br />Provoke<br />召喚神明<br />Invoke<br />召開會議<br />Convoke<br />喚起<br />Evoke<br />撤銷<br />Revoke<br />天職<br />Vocation<br />大聲疾呼<br />Advocate<br />模稜兩可<br />Equivocal<br />不含糊的<br />Unequivocal<br />聲音<br />Voice<br />聲樂的<br />Vocal<br />發聲<br />Vocalize<br />吵雜的<br />Vociferous<br />字彙<br />Vocabulary<br />8. para(Greek prefix: by the side of, assisting, surpassing<br />超自然的<br />Paranormal<br />民兵<br />Paramilitia<br />醫護人員<br />Paramedic<br />平行<br />Parallel<br />換句話說<br />Paraphrase<br />行頭<br />Paraphernalia<br />典範<br />Paradigm<br />至高無上的<br />Paramount<br />9. cred (Latin root: believe 9)<br />相信<br />Credence<br />信用<br />Credit<br />資格<br />Credential<br />可信的<br />Credible<br />可信度<br />Credibility<br />不可置信的<br />Incredible<br />輕信的<br />Credulous<br />信念<br />Creed<br />信條<br />Credo<br />10. al (Latin root: 另一個人<br />外星人<br />Alien<br />疏離<br />Alienate<br />別名<br />Alias<br />改變 (切換)<br />alter<br />改變(n)<br />Alteration<br />輪流 (兩人)<br />Alternate<br />輪流 (n)<br />Alternation<br />另類的<br />Alternative<br />另一個自我<br />Alter ego<br />不在場証明<br />Alibi<br />11. nov (Latin root: new)<br />新穎的<br />Novel<br />創新<br />Innovate<br />翻新<br />Renovate<br />新手<br />Novice<br />新奇的事物<br />Novelties(英)<br />Nova (希)<br />新鮮感<br />Novelty<br />超新星<br />Supernova<br /><br /><br /><br />Trans Fats (Synonym 18)<br />急急忙忙<br />Scramble<br />去除，移開<br />Rid<br />Rush<br />Remove<br />經得起考驗<br />Tried-and-true<br />配方<br />Recipe<br />Standing the test of time<br />Formula<br />阻塞<br />Clog<br />離經叛道的做法<br />Heresy<br />Stuff<br />Practice contrary to common practice<br />必要的<br />Essential<br />覆蓋<br />Infused<br />necessary<br />Covered<br />清脆的聲音<br />Crunch<br />努力<br />Exertions<br />Make a crushing sound<br />Efforts<br />含量，成分<br />Content<br />超過<br />Exceed<br />The amount of sth<br />Go beyond<br />一份<br />Serving<br />想出<br />Come up with<br />The quantity of food provided<br />Figure out<br />興風作浪<br />喧然大波<br />Make waves<br />不斷的騷擾<br />Pester<br />Create sensations<br />Harass<br />惱人的<br />Offending<br />大城市<br />Metropolis<br />Annoying<br />Big city<br />Paronym: 1. Phil (Greek noun: love 7)<br />慈善家<br />Philanthropist<br />哲學<br />Philosophy<br />語言學<br />Philology<br />愛書人<br />Bibliophile<br />親水的<br />Hydrophilic<br />喜愛中國人的人<br />Sinophile<br />戀童癖<br />Paedophilia<br />2. free (English suffix: without 5)<br />免稅<br />Duty-free<br />沒有內容<br />Contents-free<br />沒有壓力<br />Pressure-free<br />無憂<br />Carefree<br />無糖<br />Sugar-free<br />3. polis (Greek noun- city 5)<br />國際性都市<br />Cosmopolis<br />大城市<br />Metropolis<br />大都會的<br />Metropolitan<br />衛城<br />Acropolis<br />墳場<br />necropolis<br /><br /><br />Let there be light : Synonym <br />認真的<br />Dedicated<br />骯髒的<br />Filthy<br />Devoted<br />Dirty<br />阻塞住<br />Clogged<br />達到<br />Hit<br />Stifling<br />Reach<br />心臟的<br />Cardiac<br />呼吸的<br />Respiratory<br />Of heart<br />Of breathing<br />運動<br />Exertion<br />惡化<br />Deterioration<br />exercise<br />Worsening<br />有毒的<br />Noxious<br />如畫的<br />picturesque<br />harmful<br />beautiful<br />不利的，負面的<br />Adverse<br />持續不斷<br />Unremitting<br />Unfavorable<br />Incessant<br />受夠了<br />Be fed up with<br />推動<br />Push for<br />Have had enough<br />advocate<br />永續的<br />Sustainable<br />公佈<br />Release<br />Ever-lasting<br /><br />強加於…身上<br />Impose<br />執行<br />Implement<br />Force sth on<br />Carry out<br /><br />Shot<br />美學<br />esthetics<br />sight<br />The study of beauty<br />根深蒂固<br />Entrenched<br /><br /><br />Deep-rooted<br /><br />bureaucracy<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116606860956458805?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1166068606151599612006-12-13T19:56:00.000-08:002006-12-13T19:56:46.163-08:00The Evolution of Faith (Synonym and Vocabulary 35)<br />隨機，偶然<br />Randomness<br />取代<br />Displace<br />chance<br />Replace<br />跪下來<br />Fall on one’s knees<br />超自然現象<br />Paranormal<br />Kneel down<br />Supernatural<br />立即的<br />Imminent<br />深信不疑<br />Conviction<br />Immediate<br />Faith<br />要求<br />Imperative<br />命題<br />Proposition<br />Command<br />Thesis<br />認知<br />Cognitive<br />有關，呼應<br />Correspond to<br />Of knowing<br />echo<br />救贖<br />Deliverance<br />倡導，推廣，主張<br />Promoter<br />Salvation<br />Advocate<br />與生俱來的<br />Hard-wired<br />製作<br />Fashion<br />Innate<br />Make<br />描繪<br />Delineate<br />推測<br />Speculate<br />Portray<br />Conjecture<br />探討<br />Enquiry<br />新的，新奇<br />Novel<br />Exploration<br />New<br />解釋<br />Be responsible for<br />原始人<br />Hominid<br />Account for<br />Primitive mankind<br />信仰<br />Spirituality<br />幾乎<br />virtually<br />Belief<br />一定會<br />Be bound to V<br />引起<br />Provoke<br />發出隆隆聲<br />rumble<br />Stir up<br />回顧<br />Survey<br />詮釋<br />Cast<br />本能的<br />Intuitive<br />Explain<br />信念<br />credence<br />施以<br />Inflict<br />Paronym 1. mine (Latin root: Stand 3)<br />Impose<br />立即的<br />Imminent<br />從…的觀點<br />In terms of<br />著名的<br />Prominent<br />From the point of view of<br />優秀的<br />eminent<br />2. Uni (Latin root: one 11)<br />倡導人，提倡者，<br />鬥士<br />Champion<br />一致的<br />Uniform<br />Advocate<br />單邊的<br />Unilateral<br />作為…基礎<br />Underpin<br />統一<br />unify<br />Underline<br />單位<br />Unit<br />緊抓住<br />Cling to<br />單細胞<br />Unicellular<br />Hold on to<br />獨角獸<br />Unicorn<br />理性的<br />Rational<br />結合<br />Union<br />sensible<br />獨一無二<br />Unique<br />中性的<br />Unisex<br />聯合<br />Unite<br />宇宙<br />Universe<br />3. vit (latin root: 生命7)<br />有活力的<br />Vital<br />活力<br />Vitality<br />復甦<br />Revive<br />存活<br />Survive<br />維他命<br />Vitamin<br />活潑<br />Vivacious<br />生動的<br />Vivid<br />4. the (Greek root: put 7)<br />主題<br />Theme<br />假設<br />Hypothesis<br />命題<br />Thesis<br />反命題<br />Antithesis<br />合成<br />Synthesis<br />理論<br />Theory<br />理論家<br />Theorist<br />5. mem, mnem (Greek root: memory 9)<br />記憶<br />Memory<br />記得<br />Remember<br />背誦<br />Memorize<br />紀念<br />Commemorate<br />紀念的<br />Memorable<br />紀念堂<br />Memorial<br />回憶錄<br />Memoir<br />備忘錄<br />Memorandum<br />遺物<br />Memento<br />6. claim (Latin root: 叫喊8)<br />宣稱<br />Claim<br />歡呼<br />Acclaim<br />抨擊<br />Declaim<br />否認<br />Disclaim<br />驚叫<br />Exclaim<br />宣佈<br />Proclaim<br />收回權利<br />Reclaim<br />喧嘩的<br />Clamorous<br />7. voc (Latin root: 呼召 14)<br />挑釁<br />Provoke<br />召喚神明<br />Invoke<br />召開會議<br />Convoke<br />喚起<br />Evoke<br />撤銷<br />Revoke<br />天職<br />Vocation<br />大聲疾呼<br />Advocate<br />模稜兩可<br />Equivocal<br />不含糊的<br />Unequivocal<br />聲音<br />Voice<br />聲樂的<br />Vocal<br />發聲<br />Vocalize<br />吵雜的<br />Vociferous<br />字彙<br />Vocabulary<br />8. para(Greek prefix: by the side of, assisting, surpassing<br />超自然的<br />Paranormal<br />民兵<br />Paramilitia<br />醫護人員<br />Paramedic<br />平行<br />Parallel<br />換句話說<br />Paraphrase<br />行頭<br />Paraphernalia<br />典範<br />Paradigm<br />至高無上的<br />Paramount<br />9. cred (Latin root: believe 9)<br />相信<br />Credence<br />信用<br />Credit<br />資格<br />Credential<br />可信的<br />Credible<br />可信度<br />Credibility<br />不可置信的<br />Incredible<br />輕信的<br />Credulous<br />信念<br />Creed<br />信條<br />Credo<br />10. al (Latin root: 另一個人<br />外星人<br />Alien<br />疏離<br />Alienate<br />別名<br />Alias<br />改變 (切換)<br />alter<br />改變(n)<br />Alteration<br />輪流 (兩人)<br />Alternate<br />輪流 (n)<br />Alternation<br />另類的<br />Alternative<br />另一個自我<br />Alter ego<br />不在場証明<br />Alibi<br />11. nov (Latin root: new)<br />新穎的<br />Novel<br />創新<br />Innovate<br />翻新<br />Renovate<br />新手<br />Novice<br />新奇的事物<br />Novelties(英)<br />Nova (希)<br />新鮮感<br />Novelty<br />超新星<br />Supernova<br /><br /><br /><br />Trans Fats (Synonym 18)<br />急急忙忙<br />Scramble<br />去除，移開<br />Rid<br />Rush<br />Remove<br />經得起考驗<br />Tried-and-true<br />配方<br />Recipe<br />Standing the test of time<br />Formula<br />阻塞<br />Clog<br />離經叛道的做法<br />Heresy<br />Stuff<br />Practice contrary to common practice<br />必要的<br />Essential<br />覆蓋<br />Infused<br />necessary<br />Covered<br />清脆的聲音<br />Crunch<br />努力<br />Exertions<br />Make a crushing sound<br />Efforts<br />含量，成分<br />Content<br />超過<br />Exceed<br />The amount of sth<br />Go beyond<br />一份<br />Serving<br />想出<br />Come up with<br />The quantity of food provided<br />Figure out<br />興風作浪<br />喧然大波<br />Make waves<br />不斷的騷擾<br />Pester<br />Create sensations<br />Harass<br />惱人的<br />Offending<br />大城市<br />Metropolis<br />Annoying<br />Big city<br />Paronym: 1. Phil (Greek noun: love 7)<br />慈善家<br />Philanthropist<br />哲學<br />Philosophy<br />語言學<br />Philology<br />愛書人<br />Bibliophile<br />親水的<br />Hydrophilic<br />喜愛中國人的人<br />Sinophile<br />戀童癖<br />Paedophilia<br />2. free (English suffix: without 5)<br />免稅<br />Duty-free<br />沒有內容<br />Contents-free<br />沒有壓力<br />Pressure-free<br />無憂<br />Carefree<br />無糖<br />Sugar-free<br />3. polis (Greek noun- city 5)<br />國際性都市<br />Cosmopolis<br />大城市<br />Metropolis<br />大都會的<br />Metropolitan<br />衛城<br />Acropolis<br />墳場<br />necropolis<br /><br /><br />Let there be light : Synonym <br />認真的<br />Dedicated<br />骯髒的<br />Filthy<br />Devoted<br />Dirty<br />阻塞住<br />Clogged<br />達到<br />Hit<br />Stifling<br />Reach<br />心臟的<br />Cardiac<br />呼吸的<br />Respiratory<br />Of heart<br />Of breathing<br />運動<br />Exertion<br />惡化<br />Deterioration<br />exercise<br />Worsening<br />有毒的<br />Noxious<br />如畫的<br />picturesque<br />harmful<br />beautiful<br />不利的，負面的<br />Adverse<br />持續不斷<br />Unremitting<br />Unfavorable<br />Incessant<br />受夠了<br />Be fed up with<br />推動<br />Push for<br />Have had enough<br />advocate<br />永續的<br />Sustainable<br />公佈<br />Release<br />Ever-lasting<br /><br />強加於…身上<br />Impose<br />執行<br />Implement<br />Force sth on<br />Carry out<br /><br />Shot<br />美學<br />esthetics<br />sight<br />The study of beauty<br />根深蒂固<br />Entrenched<br /><br /><br />Deep-rooted<br /><br />bureaucracy<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116606860615159961?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1163594491036745982006-11-15T04:41:00.000-08:002006-11-15T04:41:31.046-08:00應外專閱讀班講義之四<br />The Evolution of Faith 講義<br />Paragraph I<br />1 Rumble Vi 發出隆隆聲<br />The south-bound express train rumbles past the platform as the conductor cautioned the passengers to step back.<br />2 Fall on one’s knees v 跪下來<br />Knowing that his life was at the disposal of his enemy, the captive fell on his knees and begged for his life.<br />3 Imminent adj. 立即的<br />Global warming is an imminent threat to the environment that we all have to tackle.<br />4 Imperative n. 要求<br />The Decalogue is an imperative that humans are supposed to abide by.<br />Synonym exercise:<br />Check your home-insurance policy? Fall on your knees and pray for deliverance?<br />1 Fall on ones knees means (a) fall down (b) kneel down (c) put down (d) dress down<br />2 Deliverance means (a) salvation (b) redemption (c) delivery (d) severance<br />Instead, even when faced with imminent disaster, you’ll spend precious time asking, What was that?<br />3 Imminent means (a) imperial (b) immediate (c) immense (d) eminent<br />It’s called the cognitive imperative, the uniquely human, hard-wired instinct to link cause with effect that gave us a vital evolutionary advantage over other animal species.<br />4 Cognitive means (a) of eating (b) of hearing (c) of knowing (d) of thinking <br />5 Imperative means (a) imperialism (b) command (c) recommend (d) cooperative<br />6 Hard-wired means (a) innate (b) acquired (c) accessory (d) hard-core<br />Paragraph II<br />1 Delineate Vt 描繪<br />Gone with the Wind delineates the aristocratic life and clash of interests between the North and South during the American Civil War.<br />2 Enquiry n. 探討<br />Shakespeare’s plays are an excellent enquiry into the subtleties and depth of human nature.<br />3 Be responsible for V 解釋<br />Media hype of politics is responsible for the social upheaval.<br />4 Spirituality n. 信仰<br />Roman Catholicism and Christianity are the common spirituality in Europe and Americas.<br />5 Provoke Vt.引起<br />His antagonistic remarks provoked a harsh criticism from the opponents.<br />6 In terms of 從…的觀點<br />Biologists tried to explain human aggressive behavior in terms of evolution.<br />7 Inflict 施以<br />Rebels say they have inflicted heavy casualties on government troops.<br />Synonym exercise:<br />Delineating how we react to an earthquake is just one example of the cognitive imperative described in Six Impossible Things Before Breakfast, British scientist Lewis Wolpert’s enquiry into the evolutionary origins of belief.<br />1 Delineate means (a) line up (b) define (c) portray (d) deduce<br />2 Enquiry means (a) exploration (b) investigation (c) interrogation (d) immersion<br />In his 2004 book The God Gene, U.S. molecular biologist Dean Hamer claimed to have located one of the genes he said was responsible for spirituality.<br />3 Be responsible for means (a) stick up for (b) account for (c) look for (d) thirst for<br />4 Spirituality means (a) passion (b) belief (c) disbelief (d) legend<br />Last month, the American philosopher and evolutionary theorist Daniel Dennet provoked more controversy with Breaking the Spell, in which he cast religion in terms of memes---cultural ideas that can spread, mutate and survive in our minds, whether or not they are good for us.<br />5 Provoke means (a) gear up (b) stir up (c) give up (d) hold up<br />6 Cast means (a) explain (b) mold (c) throw (d) chuck<br />7 In terms of means (a) from the point of view of (b) from the ground of (c) to the purpose of (d) in keeping with a theory<br />Researchers at the Center for the Science of the Mind are inflicting torture on volunteers to see if religious belief can help them cope with pain.<br />8 Inflict means (a) impose (b) exact (c) distort (d) intrude<br />Paragraph III<br />1 Champion n.倡導人 提倡者,鬥士<br />Martin Luther King is best remembered as a great champion of human rights, who strived for the equality between the black and white.<br />2 Survey V 回顧<br />The author surveyed American literature with sociological point of view.<br />3 Underpin V 作為…的基礎<br />In ancient Greek mythology we are easy to find all the mystical themes that underpin all religions.<br />4 Intuitive Adj. 本能的<br />The so called sixth sense of a person is actually an intuitive understanding of the things and people around him.<br />5 Cling to V 緊抓住<br />The Christians cling to the idea that God will judge the world and deal out justice to all people.<br />6 Rational Adj.理性的<br />Human beings are not always rational especially when it comes to political ideology.<br />7 Displace V 取代<br />Scientists have been trying to find bio-fuel to displace fossil fuel that causes global warming and is being depleted .<br />8 Credence N. 信念<br />I won’t give any credence to such groundless stories as rubbing the Laughing Buddha’s belly bringing riches.<br />9 Conviction N.深信不疑<br />All those adverse media reports on the president’s corruption cannot alter his supporter’s conviction in the president’s innocence.<br />10 Be bound to V 一定會<br />A trustworthy person is bound to keep his promise.<br />Synonym exercise:<br />As a development biologist at London’s University College, and one of Britain’s loudest champions of the public understanding of science, Wolpert covers genes, memes, pain and various other angles in his book.<br />1 Champion means (a) adversary (b) advocate (c) winner (d) chaser<br />But rather than just arm wrestling with God’s faithful, his book attempts to survey the science underpinning all intuitive beliefs, including religion, that humans stubbornly cling to, in spite of the best efforts of rational enquiry to displace them: credence in the paranormal, magic and superstition; faith in alternative-health therapies; the conviction that that sooner or later we’re bound to win a lottery jackpot.<br />2 Underpin means (a) undertone (b) underlie (c) underestimate (d) underpaid<br />3 Cling to means (a) be payable to (b) hold on to (c) admit to (d) succumb to<br />4 Rational means (a) endurable (b) admirable (c) sensible (d) sensitive<br />5 Displace means (a) replace (b) dispense (c) reiterate (d) dissuade<br />6 Paranormal means (a) international (b) abnormal (c) superstitious (d) supernatural<br />7 Conviction means (a) uncertainty (b) doubt (c) faith (d) persuasion<br />It prefers quick decisions, it is bad with numbers, loves representativeness and sees patters where there is only randomness.<br />8 Randomness means (a) logic (b) causality (c) opportunity (d) chance<br />Paragraph IV<br />1 Coincidence N.巧合<br />What a coincidence! I ran into an old friend of mine whom I have been trying to reach for long time but failed to do so.<br />Synonym exercise:<br />It is no coincidence that the stubbornest of our irrational beliefs correspond to our fears of the unknown, the unknowable and the unstoppable---of disease, death and natural disaster.<br />1 Correspond to means (a) adhere to (b) submit to (c) subscribe to (d) echo<br />Although Wolpert is a passionate promoter of science, he still recognize that religion has its benefits and that in some things reason will never triumph over superstition.<br />2 Promoter means (a) expatriate (b) advocate (c) opponent (d) respondent<br />Paragraph V<br />1 Fashion Vt 製作<br />The technology to fashion a human clone is still in the lab.<br />2 Speculate Vt.推測<br />It would be unfair to Debby’s family to speculate on the reasons of her suicide.<br />3 Virtually Adv.幾乎<br />Virtually every committee voted against the proposal of establishing nuclear power plant.<br />Synonym exercise:<br />More likely to start an argument is the author’s novel proposition that the imperative to link cause and effect derived directly from our earliest hominid ancestors’ discovery of tools as many as 2 million years ago.<br />1 Novel means (a) creative (b) new (c) old (d) traditional<br />2 Proposition means (a) supposition (b) thesis (c) hypothesis (d) proposal<br />3 Hominid means (a) future generations (b) homicide (c) aliens (d) primitive mankind<br />The ability to fashion a flint spear, he speculate, promote a kind of causal thinking that was beyond other species: take a certain type of stone, hit it in just such a way, and it will leave a cutting edge.<br />4 Fashion means (a) make (b) style (c) mold (d) vogue<br />5 Speculate (a) reason (b) judge (c) estimate (d) conjecture<br />Paronym exercise:<br />1 Mine (Latin root: stand)<br />立即的 ___________; 著名的___________; 優秀的___________;<br />2 Uni (Latin root: one)<br />一致的____________; 單邊的____________; 統一____________; 單位____________; 單細胞的____________; 獨角獸____________; 結合____________; 獨一無二的____________; 中性的____________; 聯合____________; 宇宙____________;<br />3 Vit (Latin root: 生命)<br />有活力的_________;活力_________;復甦_________;存活_________;維他命_________;活潑_________;生動的_________;<br />4 The (Greek root: put)<br />主題_________;, 假設_________; 命題_________; 反命題_________; 合成_________; 理論_________;, 理論家_________;<br />5 Mem mnem (Greek root: memory)<br />記憶_________; 記得_________; 背誦_________; 紀念_________; 紀念的_________; 紀念堂_________; 回憶錄_________; 備忘錄_________; 遺物_________;<br />6 Claim (Latin root: 叫喊)<br />宣稱_________; 歡呼_________; 抨擊_________; 否認_________; 驚叫_________; 宣佈_________; 收回權利_________;喧嘩的_________;<br />7 Voc (Latin root: 呼召)<br />挑釁_________; 召喚神明_________; 召開會議_________; 喚起_________; 撤銷_________; 天職_________; 大聲疾呼_________; 模稜兩可的_________; 不含糊的_________; 聲音_________; 聲樂的_________; 發聲_________; 吵雜的_________; 字彙_________;<br />8 Para (Greek prefix: by the side of, assisting, surpassing)<br />超自然的_________; 民兵_________; 醫護人員_________; 平行_________; 換句話說_________; 行頭_________; 典範_________; 至高無上的_________;<br />9 Cred (Latin root: believe)<br />相信_________; 信用_________; 資格_________; 可信的_________; 可信度_________; 不可置信的_________;輕信的_________;信念_________;信條_________;<br />10 Al (Latin root: 另外一個)<br />外星人___ ________; 疏離 ___________; 別名___________; 改變(V) ___________; 改變(N) ___________; 輪流(V) ___________; 輪流(N) ___________; 另類的___________; 另一個自我___________; 不在場證明___________;<br />11 Nov (Latin root: new)<br />新穎的_________; 創新_________; 翻新_________; 新手_________; 新奇的事物_________; 新鮮感_________;超新星_________;<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116359449103674598?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1163594431997359032006-11-15T04:38:00.000-08:002006-11-15T04:40:32.016-08:00期中考範圍: (1) Love Triangle Paragraph 1~4 Synonym Exercise (25)<br />移動<br />Run, move<br />顫抖，抖動<br />Shimmy, move shakingly<br />影子，輪廓<br />Silhouette, shadowed contour<br />滿足<br />Gratify， satisfy<br />樣品，樣本，代表作<br />Specimen，representative thing<br />小黃瓜<br />Gherkin， little cucumber<br />平靜的<br />Serene， peaceful<br />清晰的，清楚的<br />Lucid， shining<br />意思<br />Picture, meaning<br />(阿拉伯的) 酋長<br />Sheik，chief<br />光環<br />Luster, halo<br />總督<br />Doge， chief executive<br />穿梭<br />Crisscross， go back and forth<br />檔案<br />Portfolio，file<br />案子<br />Commission， case<br />曾經<br />Onetime， once<br />大規模<br />Sizable， large-scale<br />大亨<br />Baron， magnate<br />委託<br />Commission, entrust<br />建造<br />Erect，construct<br />蒸蒸日上<br />Thrive， prosper<br />計畫<br />Project， plan<br />進行<br />Under way， going on<br />重大的，大型的<br />Substantial，significant<br />接見<br />Audience， reception<br />Paragraph 5~6 Synonym Exercise (24)<br />重重包圍<br />Beleaguered, besieged<br />平凡無奇的<br />Middling，ordinary<br />能力<br />Caliber，capability<br />蜿蜒曲折的<br />Serpentine，winding<br />賞心悅目的<br />Delightful，pleasant to the eye<br />跳躍<br />Slalom, jump<br />俗麗的，<br />Gaudy, garish<br />想到<br />Given to， considering<br />區塊，分割<br />Segment, division<br />悄悄走<br />Tiptoe， sneak<br />平庸<br />Mediocrity，ordinariness<br />獲得<br />Arrive at, obtain<br />歡樂<br />Jubilation， rejoicing<br />聰明的<br />Canny<br />方面，尺度，規模<br />Scale, dimension<br />花俏的風格<br />Flourish， showy style<br />V型切割(刻凹痕)<br />Notch, make v-shaped cut in<br />藝術大師<br />Artiste， artistic master<br />矯柔造做的<br />Contrived， pretentious<br />怪癖的，特殊的<br />Idiosyncratic，eccentric<br />實用的<br />Purposeful， practical<br />花俏的<br />Jazzy, showy<br />抒情的<br />Lyrical, expression of one’s feeling<br />把…塞滿，擠滿<br />Cram， stuff<br />Paronym Exercise: out的用法 10<br />關掉了<br />Put out<br />填滿<br />Fill out<br />逐步淘汰<br />Phase out<br />昏過去<br />Pass out<br />沖掉了<br />Flush out , wash out<br />錯失<br />Miss out<br />筋皮力盡<br />Tired out, worn out, burned out<br />停電<br />Black out<br />掏空<br />Hollow out<br />死光光<br />Die out<br />Archi(Greek prefix: 主要的，原始的) 8<br />建築師<br />Architect<br />天使長<br />Archangel<br />建築<br />Architecture<br />大主教<br />Archbishop<br />愛琴島<br />Archipelago<br />原型<br />Archetype<br />大敵<br />Archenemy<br />原生質<br />archoplasm<br />Ture (French suffix: collective noun) 10<br />冒險<br />Adventure<br />文化<br />Culture<br />教養<br />Nurture<br />大自然<br />Nature<br />溫度<br />Temperature<br />骨折<br />Fracture<br />破裂<br />Rupture<br />結構<br />Structure<br />特徵<br />Feature<br />文學<br />literature<br />Luc, lum, lus ( Latin root: light) 10<br />透光的<br />Translucent<br />發光的<br />luciferous<br />金星<br />Lucifer<br />發光體<br />luminary<br />清晰的<br />Lucid<br />亮度<br />luminance<br />明亮<br />Lucidity<br />光澤<br />Luster, halo<br />明亮的<br />Lucent<br />有光澤的<br />lustrous<br />Vene (Latin root: 來到 come) 16<br />到來<br />Advent<br />冒險<br />Adventure<br />投資<br />Venture<br />大道<br />Avenue<br />繞道而行<br />Circumvent<br />反對<br />Contravene<br />聚集<br />Convene<br />方便<br />Convenience<br />大會<br />Convention<br />事件<br />Event<br />最後的<br />Eventual<br />干涉<br />Intervene<br />發明<br />Invent<br />存貨<br />Inventory<br />阻止<br />Prevent<br />收入<br />revenue<br />Age (old English suffix: collective noun) 14<br />貴族<br />Peerage<br />破銅爛鐵<br />Wreckage<br />村莊<br />Village<br />行李<br />Luggage, baggage<br />勇氣<br />Courage<br />仲介公司<br />Brokerage<br />語言<br />Language<br />孤兒院<br />Orphanage<br />里程數<br />Mileage<br />一丘之狢<br />Assemblage<br />廢水<br />Sewage<br />郵資<br />Postage<br />垃圾<br />Garbage<br />損害<br />Damage<br />Ject被動,jac主動 (Latin root: throw, thrown) 18<br />卑鄙的<br />Abject<br />注射<br />Injection<br />鄰近的<br />Adjacent<br />打斷<br />Interject<br />形容詞<br />Adjective<br />噴射<br />Jet<br />推測<br />Conjecture<br />目標<br />Objective<br />沮喪的<br />Dejected<br />反對(V)<br />Object<br />沮喪<br />Dejection<br />規劃<br />Project<br />射出<br />Ejaculate<br />拒絕<br />Reject<br />排出<br />Eject<br />臣服(V)<br />Subject<br />注射<br />Inject<br />臣服(N)<br />Subjection<br />Cl (old English prefix:緊) 10<br />緊抓住<br />Clutch<br />扣緊<br />Clasp<br />緊抱住<br />Cling<br />塞緊<br />Clutter<br />緊壓<br />Clamp<br />關緊<br />Close<br />夾緊<br />Clip<br />緊靠著<br />Close by<br />守口如瓶<br />Clam<br />千鈞一髮<br />A close call<br />Audi (Latin root: hear) 9<br />聽覺的<br />Auditory<br />聽眾<br />Audience<br />演講聽<br />Auditorium<br />試奏<br />Audition<br />聽得到的<br />Audible<br />旁聽<br />Audit, 旁聽生 auditor<br />錄音帶<br />Audiotape<br />視聽的<br />Audiovisual<br />助聽器<br />Audiphone<br />介係詞OF成為的用法<br />1. 服兵役讓一個男孩變成一個男人。<br /> Military service makes of a boy a man.<br />2. 辦理離婚官司讓他的生活成了一團糟。<br />Going through the litigation of divorce makes of his life a mess.<br />名詞的形容詞變化 (19)<br />腦的<br />Cerebral<br />腦性麻痺<br />Cerebral palsy<br />花的<br />Floral<br />花季<br />Floral season<br />手的<br />Manual<br />手工<br />Manual labor<br />身體的<br />Physical, corporal<br />體罰<br />Corporal punishment<br />體育<br />Physical education<br />馬的<br />Equine<br />馬術<br />Equine arts<br />草的<br />Herbal<br />草藥<br />Herbal medicine<br />鄉村的<br />Rural<br />鄉村生活<br />Rural life<br />海洋的<br />Marine<br />海洋生態<br />Marine ecology<br />星星的<br />Stellar<br />亮麗的成績<br />Stellar accomplishment<br />Be 有….(8)<br />有著..的裝飾<br />Bedecked<br />被重重包圍的<br />Beleaguered，besieged<br />著魔的<br />Bedeviled<br />有著鬍鬚的<br />Bewhiskered<br />被模黑的<br />Besmeared<br />心愛的<br />Beloved<br />有戴眼鏡的<br />Bespectacled<br />有婚約的<br />Betrothed<br />Dia (through 穿過，徹底) 10<br />日誌<br />Diary<br />診斷<br />Diagnosis<br />方言<br />Dialect<br />對角線<br />Diagonal<br />對話<br />Dialogue<br />圖表<br />Diagram<br />橫膈膜<br />Diaphragm<br />洗腎<br />Dialysis<br />糖尿病<br />Diabetes<br />腹瀉<br />Diarrhea<br />Gl (light) 11<br />月光皎潔<br />Gleam<br />陽光照耀<br />Glow<br />燭光閃爍<br />Glimmer<br />星光燦爛<br />Glitter<br />光鮮亮麗<br />Glamour<br />光榮<br />Glory<br />眼光<br />Glint<br />黯淡無光<br />Gloomy<br />怒目而視<br />Glower<br />目光炯炯<br />Glare<br />驚鴻一撇<br />Glance<br />Rect (直的) 13<br />方形<br />Rectangle<br />直腸<br />Rectum<br />直角<br />Rectangular<br />方向<br />Direction<br />直接<br />Direct<br />電話簿<br />Directory<br />幹事<br />Director<br />直線的<br />Rectilinear<br />矯正<br />Rectify<br />直立的<br />Erect<br />行為正直<br />Rectitude<br />改正<br />Correction<br />正確的<br />Correct<br />Bye Bye Birdies : Synonym 19<br />學走路的小孩<br />Toddler, a baby who learns to walk<br />出發<br />Head out, set out<br />裝備<br />Armed with, equipped with<br />減少<br />Decline, decrease<br />間接的<br />Circumstantial, indirect<br />引人入勝的<br />Intriguing, interesting<br />直線下降<br />Plummet, decline drastically<br />雜色的<br />Pied, of mixed colors<br />敏捷的<br />Agile, nimble<br />高難度的<br />Acrobatic, gymnastic<br />同時發生<br />Coincide, happen at the same time as<br />豐富的, 大量的<br />Abundant, plentiful<br />提前<br />Move up, go ahead of time<br />後代<br />Offspring, progeny<br />主要的<br />Prime, main<br />不充分的<br />Inadequate, insufficient<br />保育<br />Conservation, protection from danger<br />正確找出<br />Pinpoint, identify exactly<br />雛鳥<br />Hatchling, baby bird<br />促使<br />Induce<br />單數名詞變為複數十的意義改變<br />地區<br />Grounds<br />水域<br />Waters<br />海域<br />Seas<br />火災<br />Fires<br />文件<br />Papers<br />降雨<br />Rains<br />洪水<br />Floods<br />收入<br />Proceeds<br />利益<br />Interests<br />內臟<br />Insides<br />興致<br />Spirits<br />軍服<br />Fatigues<br />公司行號<br />Concerns<br />氣質<br />Airs<br />禮貌<br />Manners<br /><br /><br />同源字整理 Bi (Latin prefix: two) 8<br />雙筒望遠鏡<br />Binoculars<br />雙語<br />Bilingual<br />兩黨政治<br />Bipartisan<br />雙輪車(腳踏車)<br />Bicycle<br />兩院制<br />Bicameral<br />兩足動物<br />Biped<br />二進位的<br />Binary<br />兩極的<br />Bipolar<br />Way 9<br />鐵道<br />Subway, railway<br />水道<br />Waterway<br />車道<br />Roadway<br />連絡車道<br />Driveway<br />人行道<br />Pathway<br />飛行路線<br />Flyway<br />入口處<br />Gateway<br />高速公路<br />Super highway<br />氣管<br />Airway<br /><br /><br />Geo (Greek prefix: earth) 8<br />地球科學<br />Geoscience<br />地理學<br />Geography<br />地質學<br />Geology<br />地熱的<br />Geothermal<br />幾何學<br />Geometry<br />地緣政治學<br />Geopolitics<br />喬治<br />George<br />務農的<br />Georgic<br />Ling ( Old English suffix: small) 7<br />雛鳥<br />Hatchling<br />種籽<br />Seedling<br />小樹苗<br />Sapling<br />小夥子<br />Stripling<br />小可愛<br />Darling<br />小鴨<br />Duckling<br />小小地球人<br />Earthling<br /><br /><br />Duct (Latin root: lead) 19<br />導管<br />Duct<br />綁架<br />Abduct<br />舉證<br />Adduce<br />有助於<br />Conduce<br />有助的<br />Conducive<br />指導<br />Conduct<br />指揮<br />Conductor<br />演繹<br />Deduce<br />扣除<br />Deduct<br />教育<br />Educate<br />歸納<br />Induction<br />吸收<br />Induct<br />介紹<br />Introduce<br />產生<br />Produce<br />產品<br />Product<br />製造<br />Production<br />繁殖<br />Reproduce/ reproduction<br />引誘(V)<br />Seduce<br />引誘 (N)<br />Seduction<br /><br /><br />Loca (latin root: place) 12<br />當地的<br />Local<br />場所<br />Locale<br />本土化<br />Localize<br />定位<br />Locate<br />位置<br />Location<br />火車頭<br />Locomotive<br />位置分配<br />Allocate<br />並排<br />Collocate<br />字詞搭配<br />Collocation<br />脫臼<br />Dislocate<br />重新定位<br />Relocate<br />位移<br />translocate<br />介係詞 over的用法 3<br />在週末<br />Over the weekend<br />過去幾年<br />Over the past years<br />過去數千年<br />Over thousands of years<br /><br /><br />Has the Meltdown Begun? Synonym 21<br />提出，發表<br />Put forth, propose<br />懷疑者<br />Skeptics, a person who doubts<br />導致<br />Lead to, cause<br />極度的<br />Fiendishly, extremely<br />確切說明；理解<br />Pin down, identify<br />不確定的，令人懷疑的<br />Iffy, doubtful<br />減輕，使遲鈍的<br />Blunt, lighten<br />相反地<br />Conversely, on the contrary<br />引起軒然大波<br />Send tremors through,<br />Make waves<br />流出物<br />Outpouring, effluence<br />導致，致使<br />Contribute, lead to, cause<br />Result in<br />主任<br />Lead author, director<br />介紹<br />Present, introduce<br />情況，情形<br />Scenario, situation<br />變小<br />Dwarf, make sth seem small,<br />海嘯<br />Tsunami, tidal waves<br />引發<br />Trigger, causing factor<br />過濾，滲透<br />Percolate, infiltrate<br />裂縫<br />Crevasse, cleft<br />使潤滑<br />Lubricate, make slippery<br />浮冰<br />Floe, floating ice<br /><br /><br />造詞練習 1. a + n à adj 3<br />閃亮的<br />Alight<br />充滿了淚光<br />Alight with tears<br />半開著的<br />Ajar<br /><br /><br />2. a + adj à dv 13<br />活著的<br />Alive<br />活下去<br />Stay alive<br />孤獨的<br />Alone<br />高傲地<br />Aloof<br />高高在上<br />Stay aloof<br />半天高地<br />Aloft<br />遙遠地<br />Afar<br />重新地<br />Anew, afresh<br />重新開始<br />Start afresh<br />斜視地<br />Askance<br />歪歪斜斜地<br />Askew<br />出差池地<br />Awry<br />有所閃失<br />Go awry<br /><br /><br />3. a + v à adv 10<br />睡著地<br />Asleep<br />漂浮在空中地<br />Afloat<br />漂浮在水上地<br />Adrift<br />隨波逐流<br />Adrift with the current<br />汪洋一片地<br />Awash<br />一片汪洋<br />Awash with water<br />吵雜地<br />Abuzz<br />熱鬧滾滾<br />Abuzz with activities<br />閃閃發亮地<br />Aglitter<br />珠光寶氣<br />Aglitter with jewelry<br />複合形容詞 : 表主動狀態 1. N + Ving à adj 9<br />危及生命的<br />Life-threatening<br />救命的措施<br />Life-saving measures<br />食人鲨<br />Man-eating sharks<br />下台階<br />Face-saving formula<br />大開眼界的經驗<br />Eye-opening experiences<br />鼓舞士氣的談話<br />Morale-boosting talk<br />貼身的牛仔褲<br />Body-fitting jeans<br />費時的工作<br />Time-consuming work<br />香噴噴的衣服<br />Sweet-smelling clothes<br /><br /><br />2. adj. (adv.) + ving à adj 4<br />高調<br />High-sounding talk<br />低窪地區<br />Low-lying area<br />悠久的歷史<br />Long-lasting history<br />深遠的影響<br />Far-reaching influence<br />表被動狀態 : 1. N+ p.p à adj 2<br />手提電腦<br />Hand-held computer<br />手寫的草稿<br />Hand-written draft<br /><br />有三種拼法的字<br />書<br />Book<br />Library<br />Bibliography<br />秘密<br />Secret<br />Clandestine<br />Cryptography<br />手<br />Hand<br />Manual (man)<br />Chiromancy<br />字/話<br />Word<br />Lect<br />log<br />眼睛<br />Eye , op(r)<br />Int (old English :eye)<br />Oculus<br />Extra<br />三角<br />Triangle<br />四角<br />Quadrangle<br />五角<br />Pentagon<br />六角<br />hexagon<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116359443199735903?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1162977102035112932006-11-08T01:10:00.000-08:002006-11-08T01:11:42.060-08:00填空練習<br />Taiwan has undergone a lot of political ______________ these days due to the suspected scams revolving around the first family.<br />Hello Kitty used to the ______________ icon of popular culture.<br />If you like _______________, architecture is the place to be right now.<br />The last time the field had something like a _______________ style was in the 1970s, at what appeared to be the tail end of Modernism.<br />When she ______________ her fingers down her spine, she touches an alarming spur.<br />The fashion model _______________ down the catwalk in a sexy dress.<br />The top-grossing action movie is replete with computer-generated special effects to ____________ the senses of the audience.<br />Job applicants have to submit a ______________ of their handwriting.<br />She looked as calm and _____________ as usual even when she was involved in the scandal.<br />Rowling’s vivid and _____________ style in Harry Potter has won her countless readers around the world.<br />The _______________ city had to surrender because of lack of food and water, not to mention the lack of ammunition.<br />The pianist’s performance last night is at best _______________ and awful at worst and it is easy to see that he does not have the stuff for a great pianist.<br />He insisted that a man of his ______________ should deserve a higher pay.<br />The _______________ dirt road takes us to the temple hidden in the recess of the mountains.<br />The _______________ Christmas trees decorated with colorful light bulbs line the streets.<br />The skiers have to _______________ over the cliffs and still keep their balance to reach the finishing line.<br />The scintillating ______________ dress she wears shows that she does not have a refined taste for apparel.<br />_____________ that she is quadriplegic, her academic accomplishment is exceptionally shocking.<br />Because he did not want to be stuck in _____________, he went abroad to pursue an advanced degree in physics.<br />If we agree on the assumption, we can ___________ _________ the same conclusion that makes everybody happy.<br />In the festive Christmas season, every household is filled with ______________ and merry-making spirits.<br />To see what that means right now just stand at the corner of Eighth Avenue and 57th Street in New York City and ___________ your eyes up and down the ______________ ______________of the Hearst Tower, a new office building by the British architect Norman Foster.<br />What you’ll be looking at may be the most _______________ _______________ of Modernist invention since Foster’s ____________, the torpedo-shaped office building he dropped on London two years ago.<br />Or his ____________ and ____________ courtyard for the British Museum. You get the .<br />The ____________ class is not fit for language drills and needs to be divided into small ones.<br />It becomes a fashion among the oil ____________ to own their own jet planes.<br />Many Renaissance masterpieces are religious paintings by the Catholic Church.<br />The Defense Ministry ____________ a monument and museum on the renowned battle field to commemorate those killed in the war.<br />Forster’s tower, his first ___________ project in the U.S, rises from within a six-story brown masonry base that dates from the 1920s.<br />That’s when the newspaper___________ William Randolph _______________ the architect and stage designer Joseph Urban to produce a low-rise headquarters for Hearst’s growing empire.<br />In the late 1990s the Hearst Corp. decided to keep the old building but to hollow it out and ____________ a new tower within and above it.<br />He made a lot of improper remarks about politics and educational reforms, which explains why his title as the Nobel laureate is beginning to lose its _____________.<br />The Chinese emperor demanded that all envoys from abroad fall on their knees when they were granted an .<br />The American Secretary of State _____________ between Israel and Washington to negotiate a cease-fire.<br />Make ready with your _____________ when you go for a job interview and make sure it is detailed and correct.<br />We expect the business of this company to in the years to come, so we decide to buy its stocks.<br />Linux takes its origin from the of a undergraduate, who took computer science courses in Helsinki, Finland in 1992.<br />For years the man Asian banking executives and Arab ___________ have pursued for the ____________of Big Architecture.<br />When you visit his firm’s vast London offices you understand what it must have been like to await an _____________ with the _____________in the 16th century Venice.<br />Clients and would-be clients from around the world ______________ the reception area clutching their ______________ and chattering in Italian and Russian.<br />He even lost a ______________ last year to a firm established by a ______________ Foster architect, Ken Shuttleworth, who reportedly left because of a dispute with Foster about sharing credit for the gherkin, which is known more formally as the Swiss Re headquarters.<br />But Foster’s immense operation----he employs 543 people---is still ____________. It has _____________ ___________ ___________ in 22 nations, including a ______________ addition to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, a pyramidal office tower in Moscow City and a huge airport for Beijing.<br />It may also be a first sign of new hope for the city’s ______________ skyline, overbuilt with ______________ boxes.<br />Major additions are now promised or under way from a long list of architects of Foster’s ______________, including Frank Ghery, Fumihiko Maki, Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers.<br />What Foster has created is a 46-story _____________ glass tower covered with a webwork of triangle, called a diagrid, in off-white stainless steel.<br />The ______________ frame is both structural---it supports most of the building’s weight---and _______________.<br />In the morning the light _____________ up and down the bright diagonals.<br />And because the diagrid divides the building into four-story _____________, it provides a human _____________ that an unbroken glass-curtain wall would not.<br />Who cares that it ____________ right up to the edge of _____________?<br />___________ the _______________ of so much that has been _____________ into the Manhattan skyline over the past 25 years, you could do worse than risk a bit of glitter to ____________ real _____________.<br />The diplomat is known for his _____________ handling of complicated Sino-American relationships.<br />Jazz piano music is characterized by its _____________ performance on the keyboard.<br />Such unparallel skills and abundant creativity in the painting of Mona Lisa can only be created by an _____________ like Da Vinci.<br />The novelist is criticized for his _____________ style, which makes it difficult to reach a large audience.<br />The comedian has an ________________ way of pleasing the audience that no other comedians can imitate.<br />The English that is being taught in class is both _______________ and most current.<br />The Hearst Tower proves again that Forster, 70, can orchestrate a very _____________ combination of the cerebral anonymity of high tech and the personal _____________ of the ____________.<br />While you may not call his mostly heavyset structures _____________, the best of them are _____________ without being _____________, which means that even their most _______________ twits and turns can be traced to some engineering or environmental requirement.<br />So the stainless-steel diagrid of the Hearst Tower is not just _____________ but also ______________.<br />介係詞out的用法<br />I Out 掉了<br />關掉了___________ 逐步淘汰掉了 ___________沖掉了___________ 筋疲力盡___________ 掏空___________ 填滿___________錯失___________停電___________昏過去___________死光光___________<br />II 介係詞Of 成為<br />服兵役讓一個男孩成為一個男人<br />_________________________________________________________________<br />辦理離婚官司讓他的生活成了一團糟。<br />_________________________________________________________________<br />III 名詞的形容詞變化<br />腦的____________ 腦性麻痺____________, 花的____________ 花季____________, 手的____________ 手工____________ 身體的____________; ____________ 體罰____________ 體育____________;馬的____________馬術____________;草的____________草藥____________鄉村的____________鄉村生活____________; 海洋的____________海洋生態____________; 星星的____________亮麗的成績____________;<br />Paronym exercise:<br />_________ (Greek prefix: 主要的 原始的)<br />建築師___________ 建築 ___________愛琴海(群島) ___________ 大敵___________ 天使長___________ 大主教___________ 原型___________ 原生質___________<br />__________ (French suffix: collective noun)<br />冒險___________ 文化___________ 教養___________ 大自然___________ 溫度___________ 文學___________ 破裂___________ 骨折___________ 特徵___________結構___________<br />Luc , lum, lus (Latin root: &shy;&shy;&shy;&shy;__________ )<br />透光的 ___________ 金星___________清晰的___________ 明亮的___________ 明亮___________ 發光的___________ 發光體___________ 亮度 ___________光澤___________有光澤的___________<br />__________;___________ (Latin root: 來到come)<br />到來___________ 冒險___________ 投資___________ 大道___________ 繞道而行___________ 反對___________ 聚集___________ 方便___________大會___________ 事件___________ 最後的___________干涉___________ 發明___________ 存貨___________ 阻止___________ 收入___________<br />Age (Old English suffix: _______________ )<br />貴族___________村莊___________ 勇氣___________ 語言___________ 里程數___________ 廢水___________ 垃圾___________ 破銅爛鐵___________ 行李___________ 仲介公司___________ 孤兒院___________ 一丘之狢___________郵資___________損害 ___________<br />___________;____________ (Latin root: throw, thrown)<br />卑鄙的 ___________; 鄰近的___________; 形容詞___________; 推測___________; 沮喪的___________; 沮喪___________; 射出___________; 排出___________; 注射(V) ___________; 注射(N) ___________; 打斷___________; 噴射___________; 目標___________; 反對___________; 規劃___________; 拒絕___________; 臣服(V) ___________; 臣服(N) ___________; <br />____________ (Old English prefix:緊)<br />緊抓住___________;緊抱住___________;壓緊___________;夾緊___________; 守口如瓶___________; 扣緊___________; 塞緊___________;關緊___________;緊靠著___________;千鈞一髮___________;<br />____________ (Latin root: hear)<br />聽覺的___________; 聽眾___________; 演講廳___________; 試奏 ___________;聽得到的 ___________;旁聽___________; 視聽的 ___________;助聽器___________;錄音帶 ＿＿＿__<br />____________ (Old Englis prefix: 有)<br />被重重包圍的____________ 有著…的裝飾____________ 有著鬍鬚的____________ 著魔的(心中有魔鬼的) ____________ 心愛的____________ 被抹黑的 ____________有婚約的____________有戴眼鏡的____________<br />____________ (Greek prefix: through)<br />診斷____________日誌____________ 對角線 ____________方言____________ 圖表____________ 對話____________ 濾析____________ 橫隔膜 ____________腹瀉____________ 糖尿病____________<br />____________ (Old English prefix: light)<br />陽光照耀____________ 月光皎潔____________ 星光燦爛____________ 燭光閃鑠 ____________光榮____________ 光鮮亮麗 ____________黯淡無光 ____________眼光____________目光炯炯____________怒目而視____________驚鴻一瞥____________<br />____________ (Latin root: 直的)<br />方形____________ 直角____________ 直腸____________ 直接____________ 方向____________ 幹事____________ 電話簿____________ 矯正____________ 直線的____________ 行為正直____________ 直立的 ____________正確的____________ 改正<br />Bye Bye Birdies填空練習:<br />1. The ____________ use perambulators to learn to walk and build up the muscle on their legs.<br />2. The hikers ___________ ________ in the early morning, ready to scale the summit of the mountain.<br />3. Parents are dragging their ____________ to the park.<br />4. And bird watchers, ____________ binoculars and guidebooks, are ____________ to search for their favorite species.<br />5. Due to global depression, the revenue of this company _____________ by up to 25 percent this year.<br />6. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey reflect a similar _____________.<br />7. The prosecutor failed to charge the suspect merely on _______________ evidence.<br />8. The detective story is so _____________ that I simply cannot put it down to have a wink of sleep.<br />9. Household income has _____________ since two years ago when the manufacture business decided to shut down their factories in Taiwan.<br />10. The evidence has so far been largely _____________, however, which is why a study in the May 4 issue of Nature is so _____________.<br />11. Dutch scientists report that populations of a migratory species called the _________ flycatcher have _____________ an astonishing 90% over the past two decades in some areas of the Netherlands.<br />12. At 70 years old, the athlete is not as strong and _____________ as he used to be.<br />13. The figure skater performed a sensational _____________ feat and brought down the house.<br />14. Those ___________ _____________ birds spend their winter in West Africa and return to their Netherlands nesting grounds in the spring to lay eggs.<br />15. The timing of the flycatchers’ migration has evolved over many thousands of years to _____________ with an approximately three-week period after Dutch plants have flowered and caterpillars are most _____________.<br />16. The president’s corruption _____________ tens of thousands of angry people to take to street and go on sit-in strike.<br />17. Some fish like trout swim against the current upstream to pawn _____________.<br />18. Military facilities and airports are the _____________ targets for guerrilla attack in the civil war.<br />19. _____________ nourishment means dying birds and falling populations. <br />20. We have to step up our efforts at the _____________ of endangered species.<br />21. If you can ____________ exactly what he is angry with, you can manage to appease him.<br />22. Although Greg Butcher, director of bird _____________ at the Audubon Society, warns that it is dangerous to make assumptions.<br />23. When you have a bird like the pied flycatcher, which has been studied for years, and you have enough detail to _____________ what the problem is.<br />24. When their _____________, their parents feed them mostly with caterpillars.<br /><br />單數名詞變為複數十的意義改變<br />地區<br /><br />水域<br /><br />海域<br /><br />火災<br /><br />文件<br /><br />降雨<br /><br />洪水<br /><br />收入<br /><br />利益<br /><br />內臟<br /><br />興致<br /><br />軍服<br /><br />公司行號<br /><br />氣質<br /><br />禮貌<br /><br /><br /><br />雙筒望遠鏡<br /><br />雙語<br /><br />兩黨政治<br /><br />雙輪車(腳踏車)<br /><br />兩院制<br /><br />兩足動物<br /><br />二進位的<br /><br />兩極的<br /><br />鐵道<br /><br />水道<br /><br />車道<br /><br />連絡車道<br /><br />人行道<br /><br />飛行路線<br /><br />入口處<br /><br />高速公路<br /><br />氣管<br /><br /><br /><br />地球科學<br /><br />地理學<br /><br />地質學<br /><br />地熱的<br /><br />幾何學<br /><br />地緣政治學<br /><br />喬治<br /><br />務農的<br /><br />雛鳥<br /><br />種籽<br /><br />小樹苗<br /><br />小夥子<br /><br />小可愛<br /><br />小鴨<br /><br />小小地球人<br /><br /><br /><br />導管<br /><br />綁架<br /><br />舉證<br /><br />有助於<br /><br />有助的<br /><br />指導<br /><br />指揮<br /><br />演繹<br /><br />扣除<br /><br />教育<br /><br />歸納<br /><br />吸收<br /><br />介紹<br /><br />產生<br /><br />產品<br /><br />製造<br /><br />繁殖<br /><br />引誘(V)<br /><br />引誘 (N)<br /><br /><br /><br />當地的<br /><br />場所<br /><br />本土化<br /><br />定位<br /><br />位置<br /><br />火車頭<br /><br />位置分配<br /><br />並排<br /><br />字詞搭配<br /><br />脫臼<br /><br />重新定位<br /><br />位移<br /><br />在週末<br /><br />過去幾年<br /><br />過去數千年<br /><br /><br /><br />Global Warming填空練習:<br />1. The usual argument _______ ______ by global warming ____________ for why we shouldn’t rush to do anything yet is that the science behind climate change is uncertain.--and in fact it is.<br />2. While there’s little doubt that humans are helping heat up the planet, the questions of how much, how quickly and ________ _____ what consequences are _____________ difficult to _______ ______.<br />3. That’s because the actual climate is still far more complicated than any existing computer model can accurately reflect, making predictions _____________ at best.<br />4. Some natural processes nobody has yet thought of could end up _____________ the severe impact of global warming.<br />5. Or, _____________, they could make the impact even worse than expected. And according to a study that __________ _________ __________ the scientific community last week, that is exactly what seems to be happening in Greenland.<br />6. Their massive _____________ of ice now _____________ fully a sixth of the annual rise in sea level.<br />7. Says Eric Rignot of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, _______ ________ of the study, which he<br /> _____________ at last week’s meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science n St. Louis.<br />8. Under conventional global-warming ___________, that will eventually happen-but over a period of several thousand years.<br />9. In low-lying countries like Bangladesh, the resulting flooding could _____________ the 2004 _____________.<br />10. What jump-started the glacier’s outflow isn’t precisely clear, but scientists point to two likely _____________.<br />11. Some of that water presumably _____________ down through _____________, _____________ the soft sediment at the base of the glaciers and allowing the huge ice __________ to slip more quickly to the sea.<br /><br />提出，發表<br /><br />懷疑者<br /><br />導致<br /><br />極度的<br /><br /><br /><br />不確定的，令人懷疑的<br /><br />減輕，使遲鈍的<br /><br />相反地<br /><br />引起軒然大波<br /><br />流出物<br /><br />導致，致使<br /><br />主任<br /><br />介紹<br /><br />情況，情形<br /><br />變小<br /><br />海嘯<br /><br />引發<br /><br />過濾，滲透<br /><br />裂縫<br /><br />使潤滑<br /><br />浮冰<br /><br /><br /><br />閃亮的<br /><br />充滿了淚光<br /><br />半開著的<br /><br /><br /><br />活著的<br /><br />活下去<br /><br />孤獨的<br /><br />高傲地<br /><br />高高在上<br /><br />半天高地<br /><br />遙遠地<br /><br />重新地<br /><br />重新開始<br /><br />斜視地<br /><br />歪歪斜斜地<br /><br />出差池地<br /><br />有所閃失<br /><br /><br /><br />睡著地<br /><br />漂浮在空中地<br /><br />漂浮在水上地<br /><br />隨波逐流<br /><br />汪洋一片地<br /><br />一片汪洋<br /><br />吵雜地<br /><br />熱鬧滾滾<br /><br />閃閃發亮地<br /><br />珠光寶氣<br /><br />危及生命的<br /><br />救命的措施<br /><br />食人鲨<br /><br />下台階<br /><br />大開眼界的經驗<br /><br />鼓舞士氣的談話<br /><br />貼身的牛仔褲<br /><br />費時的工作<br /><br />香噴噴的衣服<br /><br /><br /><br />高調<br /><br />低窪地區<br /><br />悠久的歷史<br /><br />深遠的影響<br /><br />手提電腦<br /><br />手寫的草稿<br /><br /><br />書<br /><br /><br /><br />秘密<br /><br /><br /><br />手<br /><br /><br /><br />字/話<br /><br /><br /><br />眼睛<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116297710203511293?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1160972650030843662006-10-15T21:20:00.002-07:002006-10-15T21:24:10.050-07:00WHY GM IS GOOD FOR US<br />(The philosophy that ‘natural’ is good and ‘synthetic’ is bad is overly simplistic.<br />Genetically modified foods may be greener than organic ones.<br /><br />Philosophy [iQtpFkQia] n.哲學[U]<br />Synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />Genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad.從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />Organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B];有機體的,生物的[B]<br /><br />(1~7)習題範圍<br />March 20, 2006 issue – . Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They're also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. During the 1980s, phosphorus pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjord of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming. It didn't solve the problem.<br /><br />smelly [tkmUpa] a.【口】有使人難受的氣味的;臭的<br />manure [mQtnsNq] n.糞肥;肥料[U] vt. 給...施肥<br />phosphorus [tiFkiQqQk] n.磷[U]<br />run off 使流出<br />estuary [tUkfXNuUqa] n.河口;海口灣[C]<br />deplete [gatdp`f] vt.用盡;使減少 耗盡...的資源;使空虛[(+of)]<br />algae [t@pgY`] (alga的複數) [t@pgY`]n.(常用複)水藻,海藻<br />aquatic [Qthr@fah] a.水生的;水棲的 n.水生植物;水生動物[C]<br />ecological [uUhQtpFgYahQp] a.生態(學)的<br /><br />(8~10)習題範圍<br />Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China—along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is "threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses," according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.<br /><br />doing away with 廢除...;停止..<br />dietary [tgAaQufUqa] a.飲食的 n.飲食的規定<br />protein [tdqcf`an] n.蛋白質 a.(含)蛋白質的<br />catching [th@fXaV] a.傳染性的<br />pork [dcqh] n.豬肉[U]<br />Vietnam [ujsUftn@m] n.越南<br />densely [tgUnkpa] ad. 濃密地,稠密地;密集地<br />coastlines [thckfupAan] n.海岸線<br />threaten [tZqUfz] vt.威脅,<br />fragile [tiq@gYQp] a.易碎的;脆的;易損壞的; 脆弱的;虛弱的<br />marine [mQtq`n] a.海的;海生的,海產的<br />habitat [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地[C]<br />mangroves [tm@Vvqcj] n.【植】紅樹林<br />coral reef [thOqQp] [q`i]ph.珊瑚礁<br /><br />(11~13)習題範圍<br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn't contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br /><br />adopted [QtgFdfag] a.被收養的;有收養關係的; 被採用的<br />genetic [gYQtnUfah] a.起源的,發生的;【生】基因的;遺傳(學)的<br />anathema [Qtn@ZQmQ] n.詛咒;令人厭惡 vt.vi.詛咒;宣告<br /><br />(14~24)習題範圍<br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary: should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods even at the expense of the environment? Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay (as cows and sheep do), reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed. Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world's landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. GM crops that can be produced more efficiently would allow us to return land to nature.<br /><br />organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B]; 有機體的,生物的[B]<br />proponents [dqQtdcnQnf] n.提議人;擁護者<br />in a quandary 左右為難<br />categorically [uh@fQtvOqahpa]ad.明確地;直截了當地<br />genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad. 從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />at the expense of 由...支付費用; 以...為代價<br />digest [gAatgYUkf] vt.消化(食物)<br />hay [oT] n.[U](做飼料用)乾草vi.割草曬乾 vt.把(草)曬乾<br />Elsewhere [tUpkuorUq] ad.在別處;往別處;到別處<br />amenable [Qtm`nQex] a.肯順從的; 經得起檢驗(或考查)的<br />toxic [tfFhkah] a.毒(性)的,有毒的; 中毒的<br />bleach [ep`fX] vt.將...漂白;消除 ;vi.變白;脫色 n.漂白;漂白劑<br />effluents [tUipNQnf] a.流出的 n.流出物<br />paper mills ph.造紙廠<br />alleviate [Qtp`jauTf] vt.減輕;緩和<br />landmass [tp@ngum@k] n.大陸<br />crowding out 擠出<br />ecosystems [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />habitats [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地<br /><br />(25~26)習題範圍<br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that "natural" is good and "synthetic" is bad. Genetic modification is unacceptable to organic farmers merely because it is performed in a laboratory. Says Charles Margulis, a spokesman for Greenpeace USA, "We think the Enviropig is a Frankenpig in disguise."<br /><br />in opposition to 與...的意見相反<br />advocates [t@gjQhaf] n.[C]提倡者;擁護者[(+of)]<br />hold to 堅持<br />synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />disguise [gaktvAal] n.[C][U]假扮,偽裝,<br /><br />(27~31)習題範圍<br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature. High-energy cosmic rays break chromosomes into pieces that reattach randomly; in this way, nature sometimes creates genes that didn't previously exist. Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature: scientists can make subtle and precise changes to an organism's DNA. Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorus-extracting enzyme in its saliva. The results so far are dramatic—the new pigs can extract all the phosphorus they need from grain alone, without the phosphorus supplements that farmers now use. This reduces the phosphorus content of their manure by up to 75 percent.<br /><br />Domesticated [gQtmUkfQuhTfag]a.喜歡家庭生活的; (指動物)被馴養了的<br />Random [tq@ngQm] a.胡亂的;隨便的<br />cosmic rays [thFlmah] ph.【核】宇宙射線<br />chromosomes [thqcmQukcm]n.【生】染色體<br />gene [gY`n] n.【生】基因,遺傳因子<br />nuanced [tnbFnkf] a. 具有細微差別的;微妙的<br />subtle [tkSfx] a.微妙的,難捉摸的,不可思議的<br />for instance 例如<br />novel [tnFjx] a.新的,新穎的,新奇的<br />molecule [tmFpQuhsbp] n.[C]【化】【物】分子<br />embryo [tUmeqauc] n.胚芽;胚胎<br />imbue [amtesb] vt.使充滿;灌輸;深深影響; 使滲透<br />secrete [kathq`f] vt 隱藏,藏匿; 【生理】分泌<br />enzyme [tUnlAam] n.【生化】酵<br />saliva [kQtpAajQ] n.涎,唾液[U]<br />supplement [tkSdpQmQnf] n.[C] 增補,補充[(+to)]<br /><br />Of course, stringent testing is needed to show that a genetic modification works and that the product is not harmful to humans. Scientists can do both of these things with techniques that allow them to examine and compare the structure and activity of every one of an animal's genes. An added advantage with the Enviropig, in particular, is that the single extra enzyme in its saliva is also present naturally in billions of bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract of every normal human being, which suggests that the Enviropig will be as safe for human consumption as non-GM pigs.<br /><br />stringent [tkfqangYQnf] a.迫切的<br />bacteria [e@htfaqaQ] bacterium的複數 [e@htfaqaQm]n.細菌<br />human being ph.人;人類<br /><br />Organic farmers have always boasted that their approach to agriculture is, by its very nature, better for the environment than so-called conventional farming. The European Commission states that "organic farmers use a range of techniques that help sustain ecosystems and reduce pollution." But if you think that concern for the environment will ever persuade organic farmers to accept the Enviropig or any other animal modified to reduce pollution, you'd be wrong. According to self-imposed organic rules, precision genetic modification of any kind for any purpose is strictly forbidden. If conventional farmers begin to grow Enviropigs, organic pig farms will cause much more pollution per animal—unless environmental protection agencies step in and shut them down.<br /><br />ecosystem [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />self-imposed [ukUpiamtdclg]a.自己強加的;自願接受的<br />forbidden [iRteagz] (forbid的過去分詞)[iRteag] vt.禁止,不許<br />step in 插手干預;介入<br /><br />Even in the realm of health, organic food doesn't measure up to the hype. Consumers tend to assume that all organic crops are grown as advertised without chemical pesticides. This is false. Organic farmers can spray their crops with many chemicals including pyrethrin, a highly toxic pesticide, and rotenone, a potent neurotoxin recently linked to Parkinson's disease. Because these substances occur in nature—pyrethrin is produced by chrysanthemums and rotenone comes from a native Indian vine—they are deemed acceptable for use on organic farms.<br /><br />realm [qUpm] n.[C]國土,領土; 領域;範圍[(+of)]<br />measure up 符合標準<br />hype [oAad] vt.俚】人為地刺激;使增加;大肆宣傳<br />pesticide [tdUkfaukAag] n.殺蟲劑<br />spray [kdqT] n.水花,飛沫 vt.噴灑,噴塗[O][(+on/over/with)]<br />rotenone [tqcfQncn] n. 毒魚酮<br />neurotoxin [unsNqctfFhkan]n. 神經毒素<br />Parkinson's diseaseph. 【醫】帕金森氏病,震顫性麻痹<br />Chrysanthemum[hqatk@nZQmQm]n.【植】菊<br />Vine [jAan] n.[C] 藤,藤蔓(植物)<br /><br />In fact, although all commonly used pesticides dissipate so quickly that they pose a miniscule health risk to consumers, allergic food reactions to natural products kill hundreds of children each year. Genetically modified foods could greatly reduce this risk. U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Eliot Herman has already created a less-allergenic soybean—an important crop for baby foods. Through genetic surgery, Herman turned off the soy gene responsible for 65 percent of allergic reactions. Not only was the modified soy less allergenic in tests but, as Herman explained, "the yield looks perfectly normal, plants develop and grow at a normal rate and they seem to have the same kinds of protein, oil and other good stuff in them." Other scientists have reported promising results in shutting off allergy-causing genes in peanuts and shrimp. Should these advances be turned into products, organic soy or peanut products will be certifiably more dangerous to human health than comparable nonorganic products.<br /><br />Miniscule [tmanQukhsbp]n.a. (中古時期)小寫草字體(的)<br />Allergic [QtpPgYah] a.【醫】過敏的<br />reaction [qat@hXQn] n.反應,感應[C][U][(+to)]<br />soybean n.大豆<br />surgery [tkPgYQqa] n.外科,外科醫學;(外科)手術[U]<br />stuff [kfSi] n.[U] 材料,原料;木料<br />certifiably [tkPfQuiAaQex]a.可證明的;可保證的<br /><br />Unfortunately, this won't happen any time soon. Because no society has ever banned allergenic foods, conventional farmers have no incentive to plant reduced-allergy seeds. And many members of the public have been led to believe that all genetic modifications create health risks. In this climate, much of the needed research isn't being pursued. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin-sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth—unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.<br /><br />banned [e@ng] a.被禁的,被取締的<br />incentive [antkUnfaj] n.刺激;鼓勵;動機[U][C][(+to)][+to-v]<br />Chances are 可能<br />in the matter of 就...而論<br /><br /><br />新聞英文練習題之五<br />Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect.<br />(1). Smelly means (a) sweet-smelling (b) thirsting (c)stinking (d) exciting<br /><br />thirst [ZPkf] n.渴,口渴 vi.口渴(+for); . 渴望[(+for/after)]<br />stinking [tkfaVhaV] a.發惡臭的;【口】非常討厭的;<br /><br />They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorous, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.<br />(2) Hazard means (a)delight (b) happening (c) danger (d) harassment<br />(3) Manure means (a) manners (b) tenure (c) fertilizer (d) secure<br />(4) Estuary means (a) delta (b) upper stream (c) river mouth (d) down stream<br />(5) Deplete means (a) pay off (b) set up (c) pick up (d) use up<br />(6) Emit means (a) embassy (b) admit (c) dispatch (d) release<br /><br />Harassment [to@qQkmQnf]n.煩惱;煩擾;騷擾<br />tenure [tfUnsNq] n.[U](財產、職位等的)佔有;佔有權; 佔有條件<br />fertilizer [tiPfpuAalR] n.肥料<br />pay off 清償<br />use up 用完;耗盡<br />embassy [tUmeQka] n.大使館<br />dispatch [gatkd@fX] vt. n. 派遣;發送;快遞<br /><br />During the 1980s, phosphorous pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjor of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming.<br />(7) Impose means (a) reinforce (b) force (c) by force (d) enforce<br /><br />reinforce [uq`antiOqk] vt.增援,加強<br /><br />Doing away with the pig is not an option.<br />(8) Do away with means (a) live without (b) live on (c) live with (d) live up to<br /><br />live on ph. 靠...生活;以...為食<br />live with 與...住在一起<br />live up to 實踐;不辜負<br /><br />The resulting pollution is threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses.<br />(9) Fragile means (a) strong (b) fresh (c) weak (d) frozen<br />(10) Habitat means (a) cryptology (b) ecology (c) mythology (d) biology<br /><br />Cryptology [hqadtfFpQgYa]n.密碼術;密碼翻譯之程序或方法<br />ecology [athFpQgYa] n.【生】生態學<br />mythology [matZFpQgYa] n. (總稱)神話<br /><br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public.<br />(11) Mind-set means (a) credibility (b) mentality (c) susceptibility (d) possibility<br /><br />credibility [uhqUgQteapQfa]n.可信性;確實性<br />susceptibility [kQukUdfQteapQfa]n.易受感動性;多情; 敏感性<br />possibility [udFkQteapQfa] n.可能性[U][S1][(+of)][+that]<br /><br />Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorous at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution.<br />(12) Variety means (a) variation (b) strain (c) specimen (d) species<br /><br />variation [ujUqatTXQn] n.變化;變動;變化的程度<br />strain [kfqTn] vt.拉緊;拖緊;伸張<br />specimen [tkdUkQmQn] n.[C]樣品,樣本[(+of)]<br /><br />But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br />(13) Anathema means (a) something refreshing (b) something loathing (c) something pleasing (d) something surprising.<br /><br />loathing [tpc] n.嫌惡;強烈的反感a.有強烈反感的<br /><br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary : should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified foods even at the expense of the environment?<br />(14) Proponent means (a) planner (b) manger (c) supporter (d) retailer<br />(15) Quandary means (a) quantity (b) quality (c) inventory (d) dilemma<br />(16) Categorically means (a) complacently (b) firmly (c) usually (d) particularly<br />(17) At the expense of means (a) sacrificing (b) advocating (c) promoting (d) diminishing<br /><br />manger [tmTngYR] n.秣桶,馬槽;【海】擋水板<br />retailer [tq`fTpR] n.[C]零售商;零售店<br />inventory [tanjQnufcqa] n.存貨清單;存貨盤存(報表);財產目錄<br />dilemma [gQtpUmQ] n.困境,進退兩難<br />complacently [hQmtdpTkQnfpa]ad.滿足地;自滿地<br />firmly [tiPmpa] ad. 堅固地;穩固地<br />sacrifice [tk@hqQuiAak] n.(供奉神的)牲禮,祭品 vt.犧牲;獻出[(+for)]<br />promote [dqQtmcf] vt.晉升<br />diminish [gQtmanaX] vt.減少,減小,縮減<br /><br />Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay, reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed.<br />(18) Intensive means (a) inclusive (b) abundant (c) extensive (d) endearing<br />(19) Feed means (a) supplier (b) crops (c) feet (d) fodder<br /><br />endearing [antgaqaV] a.可愛的,惹人喜愛的<br />crop [hqFd] n.[C]作物,莊稼<br />fodder [tiFgR] n. 飼料,秣[U]<br /><br />Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills.<br />(20) Amenable means (a) suitable (b) recommendable (c) invincible (d) admirable<br />(21) Toxic means (a) precious (b) telling (c) prosperous (d) poisonous<br />(22) Effluents means (a) drinking water (b) salty water(c) fresh water (d) waste water<br /><br />invincible [antjankQex] a.無敵的;無法征服的;不屈不撓的<br />telling [tfUpaV] a.有力的;有效的;顯著的; 生動的;<br />prosperous [tdqFkdQqQk] a. 興旺的,繁榮的,昌盛的<br />poisonous [tdOalzQk] a.有毒的;有害的<br /><br />The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.<br />(23) Alleviate means (a) freshen (b) lighten (c) brighten (d) darken<br />(24) Crowd out means (a) exhume (b) seclude (c) include (d) exclude<br /><br />Exhume [avtlsbm] vt.(從墳墓處)掘出(屍體);發掘<br />seclude [kathpbg] vt.使隔離;使孤立;使隱退,使隱居[(+from)<br /><br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that natural is good and synthetic is bad.<br />(25) Hold to means (a) hold on (b) look to (c) appear to (d) stick to<br />(26) Simplistic means (a) exaggerated too much (b) stated too much (c) embarrassed too much (d) simplified too much<br /><br />stick to 忠於;信守<br />embarrassed [amte@qQkf] a. 窘的,尷尬的<br /><br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature.<br />(27) Random means (a) without a method (b) without a point (c) without a principle (d) without a pattern<br />(28) Mutation means (a) generic transformation (b) genetic makeup (c) genetic engineering (d) genetic selection<br /><br />generic [gYatnUqah] a.【生】屬的,類的; 一般的,總稱的<br /><br />Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature :<br />(29) Nuanced means (a) somewhat different (b) slightly different (c) completely different (d) exactly the same<br /><br />Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorous-extracting enzyme in its saliva.<br />(30) Novel means (a) nova (b) novice (c) old (d) new<br />(31) Secrete means (a) induce (b) mingle (c) increase (d) produce<br /><br />nova [tncjQ] n.【天】新星<br />novice [tnFjak] n.[C]新手,初學者[(+at)]<br />mingle [tmaVvx] vt.使混合,使相混[(+with/together)]<br /><br /><a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/" target="_blank">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/</a>END<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116097265003084366?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1160972630601540582006-10-15T21:20:00.001-07:002006-10-15T21:23:50.620-07:00WHY GM IS GOOD FOR US<br />(The philosophy that ‘natural’ is good and ‘synthetic’ is bad is overly simplistic.<br />Genetically modified foods may be greener than organic ones.<br /><br />Philosophy [iQtpFkQia] n.哲學[U]<br />Synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />Genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad.從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />Organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B];有機體的,生物的[B]<br /><br />(1~7)習題範圍<br />March 20, 2006 issue – . Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They're also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. During the 1980s, phosphorus pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjord of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming. It didn't solve the problem.<br /><br />smelly [tkmUpa] a.【口】有使人難受的氣味的;臭的<br />manure [mQtnsNq] n.糞肥;肥料[U] vt. 給...施肥<br />phosphorus [tiFkiQqQk] n.磷[U]<br />run off 使流出<br />estuary [tUkfXNuUqa] n.河口;海口灣[C]<br />deplete [gatdp`f] vt.用盡;使減少 耗盡...的資源;使空虛[(+of)]<br />algae [t@pgY`] (alga的複數) [t@pgY`]n.(常用複)水藻,海藻<br />aquatic [Qthr@fah] a.水生的;水棲的 n.水生植物;水生動物[C]<br />ecological [uUhQtpFgYahQp] a.生態(學)的<br /><br />(8~10)習題範圍<br />Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China—along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is "threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses," according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.<br /><br />doing away with 廢除...;停止..<br />dietary [tgAaQufUqa] a.飲食的 n.飲食的規定<br />protein [tdqcf`an] n.蛋白質 a.(含)蛋白質的<br />catching [th@fXaV] a.傳染性的<br />pork [dcqh] n.豬肉[U]<br />Vietnam [ujsUftn@m] n.越南<br />densely [tgUnkpa] ad. 濃密地,稠密地;密集地<br />coastlines [thckfupAan] n.海岸線<br />threaten [tZqUfz] vt.威脅,<br />fragile [tiq@gYQp] a.易碎的;脆的;易損壞的; 脆弱的;虛弱的<br />marine [mQtq`n] a.海的;海生的,海產的<br />habitat [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地[C]<br />mangroves [tm@Vvqcj] n.【植】紅樹林<br />coral reef [thOqQp] [q`i]ph.珊瑚礁<br /><br />(11~13)習題範圍<br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn't contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br /><br />adopted [QtgFdfag] a.被收養的;有收養關係的; 被採用的<br />genetic [gYQtnUfah] a.起源的,發生的;【生】基因的;遺傳(學)的<br />anathema [Qtn@ZQmQ] n.詛咒;令人厭惡 vt.vi.詛咒;宣告<br /><br />(14~24)習題範圍<br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary: should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods even at the expense of the environment? Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay (as cows and sheep do), reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed. Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world's landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. GM crops that can be produced more efficiently would allow us to return land to nature.<br /><br />organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B]; 有機體的,生物的[B]<br />proponents [dqQtdcnQnf] n.提議人;擁護者<br />in a quandary 左右為難<br />categorically [uh@fQtvOqahpa]ad.明確地;直截了當地<br />genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad. 從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />at the expense of 由...支付費用; 以...為代價<br />digest [gAatgYUkf] vt.消化(食物)<br />hay [oT] n.[U](做飼料用)乾草vi.割草曬乾 vt.把(草)曬乾<br />Elsewhere [tUpkuorUq] ad.在別處;往別處;到別處<br />amenable [Qtm`nQex] a.肯順從的; 經得起檢驗(或考查)的<br />toxic [tfFhkah] a.毒(性)的,有毒的; 中毒的<br />bleach [ep`fX] vt.將...漂白;消除 ;vi.變白;脫色 n.漂白;漂白劑<br />effluents [tUipNQnf] a.流出的 n.流出物<br />paper mills ph.造紙廠<br />alleviate [Qtp`jauTf] vt.減輕;緩和<br />landmass [tp@ngum@k] n.大陸<br />crowding out 擠出<br />ecosystems [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />habitats [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地<br /><br />(25~26)習題範圍<br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that "natural" is good and "synthetic" is bad. Genetic modification is unacceptable to organic farmers merely because it is performed in a laboratory. Says Charles Margulis, a spokesman for Greenpeace USA, "We think the Enviropig is a Frankenpig in disguise."<br /><br />in opposition to 與...的意見相反<br />advocates [t@gjQhaf] n.[C]提倡者;擁護者[(+of)]<br />hold to 堅持<br />synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />disguise [gaktvAal] n.[C][U]假扮,偽裝,<br /><br />(27~31)習題範圍<br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature. High-energy cosmic rays break chromosomes into pieces that reattach randomly; in this way, nature sometimes creates genes that didn't previously exist. Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature: scientists can make subtle and precise changes to an organism's DNA. Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorus-extracting enzyme in its saliva. The results so far are dramatic—the new pigs can extract all the phosphorus they need from grain alone, without the phosphorus supplements that farmers now use. This reduces the phosphorus content of their manure by up to 75 percent.<br /><br />Domesticated [gQtmUkfQuhTfag]a.喜歡家庭生活的; (指動物)被馴養了的<br />Random [tq@ngQm] a.胡亂的;隨便的<br />cosmic rays [thFlmah] ph.【核】宇宙射線<br />chromosomes [thqcmQukcm]n.【生】染色體<br />gene [gY`n] n.【生】基因,遺傳因子<br />nuanced [tnbFnkf] a. 具有細微差別的;微妙的<br />subtle [tkSfx] a.微妙的,難捉摸的,不可思議的<br />for instance 例如<br />novel [tnFjx] a.新的,新穎的,新奇的<br />molecule [tmFpQuhsbp] n.[C]【化】【物】分子<br />embryo [tUmeqauc] n.胚芽;胚胎<br />imbue [amtesb] vt.使充滿;灌輸;深深影響; 使滲透<br />secrete [kathq`f] vt 隱藏,藏匿; 【生理】分泌<br />enzyme [tUnlAam] n.【生化】酵<br />saliva [kQtpAajQ] n.涎,唾液[U]<br />supplement [tkSdpQmQnf] n.[C] 增補,補充[(+to)]<br /><br />Of course, stringent testing is needed to show that a genetic modification works and that the product is not harmful to humans. Scientists can do both of these things with techniques that allow them to examine and compare the structure and activity of every one of an animal's genes. An added advantage with the Enviropig, in particular, is that the single extra enzyme in its saliva is also present naturally in billions of bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract of every normal human being, which suggests that the Enviropig will be as safe for human consumption as non-GM pigs.<br /><br />stringent [tkfqangYQnf] a.迫切的<br />bacteria [e@htfaqaQ] bacterium的複數 [e@htfaqaQm]n.細菌<br />human being ph.人;人類<br /><br />Organic farmers have always boasted that their approach to agriculture is, by its very nature, better for the environment than so-called conventional farming. The European Commission states that "organic farmers use a range of techniques that help sustain ecosystems and reduce pollution." But if you think that concern for the environment will ever persuade organic farmers to accept the Enviropig or any other animal modified to reduce pollution, you'd be wrong. According to self-imposed organic rules, precision genetic modification of any kind for any purpose is strictly forbidden. If conventional farmers begin to grow Enviropigs, organic pig farms will cause much more pollution per animal—unless environmental protection agencies step in and shut them down.<br /><br />ecosystem [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />self-imposed [ukUpiamtdclg]a.自己強加的;自願接受的<br />forbidden [iRteagz] (forbid的過去分詞)[iRteag] vt.禁止,不許<br />step in 插手干預;介入<br /><br />Even in the realm of health, organic food doesn't measure up to the hype. Consumers tend to assume that all organic crops are grown as advertised without chemical pesticides. This is false. Organic farmers can spray their crops with many chemicals including pyrethrin, a highly toxic pesticide, and rotenone, a potent neurotoxin recently linked to Parkinson's disease. Because these substances occur in nature—pyrethrin is produced by chrysanthemums and rotenone comes from a native Indian vine—they are deemed acceptable for use on organic farms.<br /><br />realm [qUpm] n.[C]國土,領土; 領域;範圍[(+of)]<br />measure up 符合標準<br />hype [oAad] vt.俚】人為地刺激;使增加;大肆宣傳<br />pesticide [tdUkfaukAag] n.殺蟲劑<br />spray [kdqT] n.水花,飛沫 vt.噴灑,噴塗[O][(+on/over/with)]<br />rotenone [tqcfQncn] n. 毒魚酮<br />neurotoxin [unsNqctfFhkan]n. 神經毒素<br />Parkinson's diseaseph. 【醫】帕金森氏病,震顫性麻痹<br />Chrysanthemum[hqatk@nZQmQm]n.【植】菊<br />Vine [jAan] n.[C] 藤,藤蔓(植物)<br /><br />In fact, although all commonly used pesticides dissipate so quickly that they pose a miniscule health risk to consumers, allergic food reactions to natural products kill hundreds of children each year. Genetically modified foods could greatly reduce this risk. U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Eliot Herman has already created a less-allergenic soybean—an important crop for baby foods. Through genetic surgery, Herman turned off the soy gene responsible for 65 percent of allergic reactions. Not only was the modified soy less allergenic in tests but, as Herman explained, "the yield looks perfectly normal, plants develop and grow at a normal rate and they seem to have the same kinds of protein, oil and other good stuff in them." Other scientists have reported promising results in shutting off allergy-causing genes in peanuts and shrimp. Should these advances be turned into products, organic soy or peanut products will be certifiably more dangerous to human health than comparable nonorganic products.<br /><br />Miniscule [tmanQukhsbp]n.a. (中古時期)小寫草字體(的)<br />Allergic [QtpPgYah] a.【醫】過敏的<br />reaction [qat@hXQn] n.反應,感應[C][U][(+to)]<br />soybean n.大豆<br />surgery [tkPgYQqa] n.外科,外科醫學;(外科)手術[U]<br />stuff [kfSi] n.[U] 材料,原料;木料<br />certifiably [tkPfQuiAaQex]a.可證明的;可保證的<br /><br />Unfortunately, this won't happen any time soon. Because no society has ever banned allergenic foods, conventional farmers have no incentive to plant reduced-allergy seeds. And many members of the public have been led to believe that all genetic modifications create health risks. In this climate, much of the needed research isn't being pursued. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin-sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth—unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.<br /><br />banned [e@ng] a.被禁的,被取締的<br />incentive [antkUnfaj] n.刺激;鼓勵;動機[U][C][(+to)][+to-v]<br />Chances are 可能<br />in the matter of 就...而論<br /><br /><br />新聞英文練習題之五<br />Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect.<br />(1). Smelly means (a) sweet-smelling (b) thirsting (c)stinking (d) exciting<br /><br />thirst [ZPkf] n.渴,口渴 vi.口渴(+for); . 渴望[(+for/after)]<br />stinking [tkfaVhaV] a.發惡臭的;【口】非常討厭的;<br /><br />They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorous, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.<br />(2) Hazard means (a)delight (b) happening (c) danger (d) harassment<br />(3) Manure means (a) manners (b) tenure (c) fertilizer (d) secure<br />(4) Estuary means (a) delta (b) upper stream (c) river mouth (d) down stream<br />(5) Deplete means (a) pay off (b) set up (c) pick up (d) use up<br />(6) Emit means (a) embassy (b) admit (c) dispatch (d) release<br /><br />Harassment [to@qQkmQnf]n.煩惱;煩擾;騷擾<br />tenure [tfUnsNq] n.[U](財產、職位等的)佔有;佔有權; 佔有條件<br />fertilizer [tiPfpuAalR] n.肥料<br />pay off 清償<br />use up 用完;耗盡<br />embassy [tUmeQka] n.大使館<br />dispatch [gatkd@fX] vt. n. 派遣;發送;快遞<br /><br />During the 1980s, phosphorous pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjor of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming.<br />(7) Impose means (a) reinforce (b) force (c) by force (d) enforce<br /><br />reinforce [uq`antiOqk] vt.增援,加強<br /><br />Doing away with the pig is not an option.<br />(8) Do away with means (a) live without (b) live on (c) live with (d) live up to<br /><br />live on ph. 靠...生活;以...為食<br />live with 與...住在一起<br />live up to 實踐;不辜負<br /><br />The resulting pollution is threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses.<br />(9) Fragile means (a) strong (b) fresh (c) weak (d) frozen<br />(10) Habitat means (a) cryptology (b) ecology (c) mythology (d) biology<br /><br />Cryptology [hqadtfFpQgYa]n.密碼術;密碼翻譯之程序或方法<br />ecology [athFpQgYa] n.【生】生態學<br />mythology [matZFpQgYa] n. (總稱)神話<br /><br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public.<br />(11) Mind-set means (a) credibility (b) mentality (c) susceptibility (d) possibility<br /><br />credibility [uhqUgQteapQfa]n.可信性;確實性<br />susceptibility [kQukUdfQteapQfa]n.易受感動性;多情; 敏感性<br />possibility [udFkQteapQfa] n.可能性[U][S1][(+of)][+that]<br /><br />Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorous at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution.<br />(12) Variety means (a) variation (b) strain (c) specimen (d) species<br /><br />variation [ujUqatTXQn] n.變化;變動;變化的程度<br />strain [kfqTn] vt.拉緊;拖緊;伸張<br />specimen [tkdUkQmQn] n.[C]樣品,樣本[(+of)]<br /><br />But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br />(13) Anathema means (a) something refreshing (b) something loathing (c) something pleasing (d) something surprising.<br /><br />loathing [tpc] n.嫌惡;強烈的反感a.有強烈反感的<br /><br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary : should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified foods even at the expense of the environment?<br />(14) Proponent means (a) planner (b) manger (c) supporter (d) retailer<br />(15) Quandary means (a) quantity (b) quality (c) inventory (d) dilemma<br />(16) Categorically means (a) complacently (b) firmly (c) usually (d) particularly<br />(17) At the expense of means (a) sacrificing (b) advocating (c) promoting (d) diminishing<br /><br />manger [tmTngYR] n.秣桶,馬槽;【海】擋水板<br />retailer [tq`fTpR] n.[C]零售商;零售店<br />inventory [tanjQnufcqa] n.存貨清單;存貨盤存(報表);財產目錄<br />dilemma [gQtpUmQ] n.困境,進退兩難<br />complacently [hQmtdpTkQnfpa]ad.滿足地;自滿地<br />firmly [tiPmpa] ad. 堅固地;穩固地<br />sacrifice [tk@hqQuiAak] n.(供奉神的)牲禮,祭品 vt.犧牲;獻出[(+for)]<br />promote [dqQtmcf] vt.晉升<br />diminish [gQtmanaX] vt.減少,減小,縮減<br /><br />Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay, reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed.<br />(18) Intensive means (a) inclusive (b) abundant (c) extensive (d) endearing<br />(19) Feed means (a) supplier (b) crops (c) feet (d) fodder<br /><br />endearing [antgaqaV] a.可愛的,惹人喜愛的<br />crop [hqFd] n.[C]作物,莊稼<br />fodder [tiFgR] n. 飼料,秣[U]<br /><br />Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills.<br />(20) Amenable means (a) suitable (b) recommendable (c) invincible (d) admirable<br />(21) Toxic means (a) precious (b) telling (c) prosperous (d) poisonous<br />(22) Effluents means (a) drinking water (b) salty water(c) fresh water (d) waste water<br /><br />invincible [antjankQex] a.無敵的;無法征服的;不屈不撓的<br />telling [tfUpaV] a.有力的;有效的;顯著的; 生動的;<br />prosperous [tdqFkdQqQk] a. 興旺的,繁榮的,昌盛的<br />poisonous [tdOalzQk] a.有毒的;有害的<br /><br />The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.<br />(23) Alleviate means (a) freshen (b) lighten (c) brighten (d) darken<br />(24) Crowd out means (a) exhume (b) seclude (c) include (d) exclude<br /><br />Exhume [avtlsbm] vt.(從墳墓處)掘出(屍體);發掘<br />seclude [kathpbg] vt.使隔離;使孤立;使隱退,使隱居[(+from)<br /><br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that natural is good and synthetic is bad.<br />(25) Hold to means (a) hold on (b) look to (c) appear to (d) stick to<br />(26) Simplistic means (a) exaggerated too much (b) stated too much (c) embarrassed too much (d) simplified too much<br /><br />stick to 忠於;信守<br />embarrassed [amte@qQkf] a. 窘的,尷尬的<br /><br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature.<br />(27) Random means (a) without a method (b) without a point (c) without a principle (d) without a pattern<br />(28) Mutation means (a) generic transformation (b) genetic makeup (c) genetic engineering (d) genetic selection<br /><br />generic [gYatnUqah] a.【生】屬的,類的; 一般的,總稱的<br /><br />Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature :<br />(29) Nuanced means (a) somewhat different (b) slightly different (c) completely different (d) exactly the same<br /><br />Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorous-extracting enzyme in its saliva.<br />(30) Novel means (a) nova (b) novice (c) old (d) new<br />(31) Secrete means (a) induce (b) mingle (c) increase (d) produce<br /><br />nova [tncjQ] n.【天】新星<br />novice [tnFjak] n.[C]新手,初學者[(+at)]<br />mingle [tmaVvx] vt.使混合,使相混[(+with/together)]<br /><br /><a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/" target="_blank">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/</a>END<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116097263060154058?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1160972624179023732006-10-15T21:20:00.000-07:002006-10-15T21:23:44.203-07:00WHY GM IS GOOD FOR US<br />(The philosophy that ‘natural’ is good and ‘synthetic’ is bad is overly simplistic.<br />Genetically modified foods may be greener than organic ones.<br /><br />Philosophy [iQtpFkQia] n.哲學[U]<br />Synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />Genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad.從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />Organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B];有機體的,生物的[B]<br /><br />(1~7)習題範圍<br />March 20, 2006 issue – . Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They're also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. During the 1980s, phosphorus pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjord of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming. It didn't solve the problem.<br /><br />smelly [tkmUpa] a.【口】有使人難受的氣味的;臭的<br />manure [mQtnsNq] n.糞肥;肥料[U] vt. 給...施肥<br />phosphorus [tiFkiQqQk] n.磷[U]<br />run off 使流出<br />estuary [tUkfXNuUqa] n.河口;海口灣[C]<br />deplete [gatdp`f] vt.用盡;使減少 耗盡...的資源;使空虛[(+of)]<br />algae [t@pgY`] (alga的複數) [t@pgY`]n.(常用複)水藻,海藻<br />aquatic [Qthr@fah] a.水生的;水棲的 n.水生植物;水生動物[C]<br />ecological [uUhQtpFgYahQp] a.生態(學)的<br /><br />(8~10)習題範圍<br />Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China—along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is "threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses," according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.<br /><br />doing away with 廢除...;停止..<br />dietary [tgAaQufUqa] a.飲食的 n.飲食的規定<br />protein [tdqcf`an] n.蛋白質 a.(含)蛋白質的<br />catching [th@fXaV] a.傳染性的<br />pork [dcqh] n.豬肉[U]<br />Vietnam [ujsUftn@m] n.越南<br />densely [tgUnkpa] ad. 濃密地,稠密地;密集地<br />coastlines [thckfupAan] n.海岸線<br />threaten [tZqUfz] vt.威脅,<br />fragile [tiq@gYQp] a.易碎的;脆的;易損壞的; 脆弱的;虛弱的<br />marine [mQtq`n] a.海的;海生的,海產的<br />habitat [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地[C]<br />mangroves [tm@Vvqcj] n.【植】紅樹林<br />coral reef [thOqQp] [q`i]ph.珊瑚礁<br /><br />(11~13)習題範圍<br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn't contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br /><br />adopted [QtgFdfag] a.被收養的;有收養關係的; 被採用的<br />genetic [gYQtnUfah] a.起源的,發生的;【生】基因的;遺傳(學)的<br />anathema [Qtn@ZQmQ] n.詛咒;令人厭惡 vt.vi.詛咒;宣告<br /><br />(14~24)習題範圍<br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary: should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods even at the expense of the environment? Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay (as cows and sheep do), reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed. Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world's landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. GM crops that can be produced more efficiently would allow us to return land to nature.<br /><br />organic [Oqtv@nah] a.器官的[B]; 有機體的,生物的[B]<br />proponents [dqQtdcnQnf] n.提議人;擁護者<br />in a quandary 左右為難<br />categorically [uh@fQtvOqahpa]ad.明確地;直截了當地<br />genetically [gYQtnUfahxa] ad. 從基因方面;從遺傳學角度<br />at the expense of 由...支付費用; 以...為代價<br />digest [gAatgYUkf] vt.消化(食物)<br />hay [oT] n.[U](做飼料用)乾草vi.割草曬乾 vt.把(草)曬乾<br />Elsewhere [tUpkuorUq] ad.在別處;往別處;到別處<br />amenable [Qtm`nQex] a.肯順從的; 經得起檢驗(或考查)的<br />toxic [tfFhkah] a.毒(性)的,有毒的; 中毒的<br />bleach [ep`fX] vt.將...漂白;消除 ;vi.變白;脫色 n.漂白;漂白劑<br />effluents [tUipNQnf] a.流出的 n.流出物<br />paper mills ph.造紙廠<br />alleviate [Qtp`jauTf] vt.減輕;緩和<br />landmass [tp@ngum@k] n.大陸<br />crowding out 擠出<br />ecosystems [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />habitats [to@eQuf@f] n.(動物的)棲息地;(植物的)產地<br /><br />(25~26)習題範圍<br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that "natural" is good and "synthetic" is bad. Genetic modification is unacceptable to organic farmers merely because it is performed in a laboratory. Says Charles Margulis, a spokesman for Greenpeace USA, "We think the Enviropig is a Frankenpig in disguise."<br /><br />in opposition to 與...的意見相反<br />advocates [t@gjQhaf] n.[C]提倡者;擁護者[(+of)]<br />hold to 堅持<br />synthetic [kantZUfah] a.綜合(性)的; 合成的,人造的<br />disguise [gaktvAal] n.[C][U]假扮,偽裝,<br /><br />(27~31)習題範圍<br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature. High-energy cosmic rays break chromosomes into pieces that reattach randomly; in this way, nature sometimes creates genes that didn't previously exist. Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature: scientists can make subtle and precise changes to an organism's DNA. Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorus-extracting enzyme in its saliva. The results so far are dramatic—the new pigs can extract all the phosphorus they need from grain alone, without the phosphorus supplements that farmers now use. This reduces the phosphorus content of their manure by up to 75 percent.<br /><br />Domesticated [gQtmUkfQuhTfag]a.喜歡家庭生活的; (指動物)被馴養了的<br />Random [tq@ngQm] a.胡亂的;隨便的<br />cosmic rays [thFlmah] ph.【核】宇宙射線<br />chromosomes [thqcmQukcm]n.【生】染色體<br />gene [gY`n] n.【生】基因,遺傳因子<br />nuanced [tnbFnkf] a. 具有細微差別的;微妙的<br />subtle [tkSfx] a.微妙的,難捉摸的,不可思議的<br />for instance 例如<br />novel [tnFjx] a.新的,新穎的,新奇的<br />molecule [tmFpQuhsbp] n.[C]【化】【物】分子<br />embryo [tUmeqauc] n.胚芽;胚胎<br />imbue [amtesb] vt.使充滿;灌輸;深深影響; 使滲透<br />secrete [kathq`f] vt 隱藏,藏匿; 【生理】分泌<br />enzyme [tUnlAam] n.【生化】酵<br />saliva [kQtpAajQ] n.涎,唾液[U]<br />supplement [tkSdpQmQnf] n.[C] 增補,補充[(+to)]<br /><br />Of course, stringent testing is needed to show that a genetic modification works and that the product is not harmful to humans. Scientists can do both of these things with techniques that allow them to examine and compare the structure and activity of every one of an animal's genes. An added advantage with the Enviropig, in particular, is that the single extra enzyme in its saliva is also present naturally in billions of bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract of every normal human being, which suggests that the Enviropig will be as safe for human consumption as non-GM pigs.<br /><br />stringent [tkfqangYQnf] a.迫切的<br />bacteria [e@htfaqaQ] bacterium的複數 [e@htfaqaQm]n.細菌<br />human being ph.人;人類<br /><br />Organic farmers have always boasted that their approach to agriculture is, by its very nature, better for the environment than so-called conventional farming. The European Commission states that "organic farmers use a range of techniques that help sustain ecosystems and reduce pollution." But if you think that concern for the environment will ever persuade organic farmers to accept the Enviropig or any other animal modified to reduce pollution, you'd be wrong. According to self-imposed organic rules, precision genetic modification of any kind for any purpose is strictly forbidden. If conventional farmers begin to grow Enviropigs, organic pig farms will cause much more pollution per animal—unless environmental protection agencies step in and shut them down.<br /><br />ecosystem [tUhcukakfQm] n.生態系統<br />self-imposed [ukUpiamtdclg]a.自己強加的;自願接受的<br />forbidden [iRteagz] (forbid的過去分詞)[iRteag] vt.禁止,不許<br />step in 插手干預;介入<br /><br />Even in the realm of health, organic food doesn't measure up to the hype. Consumers tend to assume that all organic crops are grown as advertised without chemical pesticides. This is false. Organic farmers can spray their crops with many chemicals including pyrethrin, a highly toxic pesticide, and rotenone, a potent neurotoxin recently linked to Parkinson's disease. Because these substances occur in nature—pyrethrin is produced by chrysanthemums and rotenone comes from a native Indian vine—they are deemed acceptable for use on organic farms.<br /><br />realm [qUpm] n.[C]國土,領土; 領域;範圍[(+of)]<br />measure up 符合標準<br />hype [oAad] vt.俚】人為地刺激;使增加;大肆宣傳<br />pesticide [tdUkfaukAag] n.殺蟲劑<br />spray [kdqT] n.水花,飛沫 vt.噴灑,噴塗[O][(+on/over/with)]<br />rotenone [tqcfQncn] n. 毒魚酮<br />neurotoxin [unsNqctfFhkan]n. 神經毒素<br />Parkinson's diseaseph. 【醫】帕金森氏病,震顫性麻痹<br />Chrysanthemum[hqatk@nZQmQm]n.【植】菊<br />Vine [jAan] n.[C] 藤,藤蔓(植物)<br /><br />In fact, although all commonly used pesticides dissipate so quickly that they pose a miniscule health risk to consumers, allergic food reactions to natural products kill hundreds of children each year. Genetically modified foods could greatly reduce this risk. U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Eliot Herman has already created a less-allergenic soybean—an important crop for baby foods. Through genetic surgery, Herman turned off the soy gene responsible for 65 percent of allergic reactions. Not only was the modified soy less allergenic in tests but, as Herman explained, "the yield looks perfectly normal, plants develop and grow at a normal rate and they seem to have the same kinds of protein, oil and other good stuff in them." Other scientists have reported promising results in shutting off allergy-causing genes in peanuts and shrimp. Should these advances be turned into products, organic soy or peanut products will be certifiably more dangerous to human health than comparable nonorganic products.<br /><br />Miniscule [tmanQukhsbp]n.a. (中古時期)小寫草字體(的)<br />Allergic [QtpPgYah] a.【醫】過敏的<br />reaction [qat@hXQn] n.反應,感應[C][U][(+to)]<br />soybean n.大豆<br />surgery [tkPgYQqa] n.外科,外科醫學;(外科)手術[U]<br />stuff [kfSi] n.[U] 材料,原料;木料<br />certifiably [tkPfQuiAaQex]a.可證明的;可保證的<br /><br />Unfortunately, this won't happen any time soon. Because no society has ever banned allergenic foods, conventional farmers have no incentive to plant reduced-allergy seeds. And many members of the public have been led to believe that all genetic modifications create health risks. In this climate, much of the needed research isn't being pursued. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin-sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth—unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.<br /><br />banned [e@ng] a.被禁的,被取締的<br />incentive [antkUnfaj] n.刺激;鼓勵;動機[U][C][(+to)][+to-v]<br />Chances are 可能<br />in the matter of 就...而論<br /><br /><br />新聞英文練習題之五<br />Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect.<br />(1). Smelly means (a) sweet-smelling (b) thirsting (c)stinking (d) exciting<br /><br />thirst [ZPkf] n.渴,口渴 vi.口渴(+for); . 渴望[(+for/after)]<br />stinking [tkfaVhaV] a.發惡臭的;【口】非常討厭的;<br /><br />They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorous, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.<br />(2) Hazard means (a)delight (b) happening (c) danger (d) harassment<br />(3) Manure means (a) manners (b) tenure (c) fertilizer (d) secure<br />(4) Estuary means (a) delta (b) upper stream (c) river mouth (d) down stream<br />(5) Deplete means (a) pay off (b) set up (c) pick up (d) use up<br />(6) Emit means (a) embassy (b) admit (c) dispatch (d) release<br /><br />Harassment [to@qQkmQnf]n.煩惱;煩擾;騷擾<br />tenure [tfUnsNq] n.[U](財產、職位等的)佔有;佔有權; 佔有條件<br />fertilizer [tiPfpuAalR] n.肥料<br />pay off 清償<br />use up 用完;耗盡<br />embassy [tUmeQka] n.大使館<br />dispatch [gatkd@fX] vt. n. 派遣;發送;快遞<br /><br />During the 1980s, phosphorous pollution killed all aquatic life in the 42km-long Mariager Fjor of Denmark—an ecological disaster that prompted European governments to impose strict regulations on pig farming.<br />(7) Impose means (a) reinforce (b) force (c) by force (d) enforce<br /><br />reinforce [uq`antiOqk] vt.增援,加強<br /><br />Doing away with the pig is not an option.<br />(8) Do away with means (a) live without (b) live on (c) live with (d) live up to<br /><br />live on ph. 靠...生活;以...為食<br />live with 與...住在一起<br />live up to 實踐;不辜負<br /><br />The resulting pollution is threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses.<br />(9) Fragile means (a) strong (b) fresh (c) weak (d) frozen<br />(10) Habitat means (a) cryptology (b) ecology (c) mythology (d) biology<br /><br />Cryptology [hqadtfFpQgYa]n.密碼術;密碼翻譯之程序或方法<br />ecology [athFpQgYa] n.【生】生態學<br />mythology [matZFpQgYa] n. (總稱)神話<br /><br />As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public.<br />(11) Mind-set means (a) credibility (b) mentality (c) susceptibility (d) possibility<br /><br />credibility [uhqUgQteapQfa]n.可信性;確實性<br />susceptibility [kQukUdfQteapQfa]n.易受感動性;多情; 敏感性<br />possibility [udFkQteapQfa] n.可能性[U][S1][(+of)][+that]<br /><br />Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorous at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution.<br />(12) Variety means (a) variation (b) strain (c) specimen (d) species<br /><br />variation [ujUqatTXQn] n.變化;變動;變化的程度<br />strain [kfqTn] vt.拉緊;拖緊;伸張<br />specimen [tkdUkQmQn] n.[C]樣品,樣本[(+of)]<br /><br />But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification—which is anathema to many Westerners.<br />(13) Anathema means (a) something refreshing (b) something loathing (c) something pleasing (d) something surprising.<br /><br />loathing [tpc] n.嫌惡;強烈的反感a.有強烈反感的<br /><br />The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary : should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified foods even at the expense of the environment?<br />(14) Proponent means (a) planner (b) manger (c) supporter (d) retailer<br />(15) Quandary means (a) quantity (b) quality (c) inventory (d) dilemma<br />(16) Categorically means (a) complacently (b) firmly (c) usually (d) particularly<br />(17) At the expense of means (a) sacrificing (b) advocating (c) promoting (d) diminishing<br /><br />manger [tmTngYR] n.秣桶,馬槽;【海】擋水板<br />retailer [tq`fTpR] n.[C]零售商;零售店<br />inventory [tanjQnufcqa] n.存貨清單;存貨盤存(報表);財產目錄<br />dilemma [gQtpUmQ] n.困境,進退兩難<br />complacently [hQmtdpTkQnfpa]ad.滿足地;自滿地<br />firmly [tiPmpa] ad. 堅固地;穩固地<br />sacrifice [tk@hqQuiAak] n.(供奉神的)牲禮,祭品 vt.犧牲;獻出[(+for)]<br />promote [dqQtmcf] vt.晉升<br />diminish [gQtmanaX] vt.減少,減小,縮減<br /><br />Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay, reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed.<br />(18) Intensive means (a) inclusive (b) abundant (c) extensive (d) endearing<br />(19) Feed means (a) supplier (b) crops (c) feet (d) fodder<br /><br />endearing [antgaqaV] a.可愛的,惹人喜愛的<br />crop [hqFd] n.[C]作物,莊稼<br />fodder [tiFgR] n. 飼料,秣[U]<br /><br />Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills.<br />(20) Amenable means (a) suitable (b) recommendable (c) invincible (d) admirable<br />(21) Toxic means (a) precious (b) telling (c) prosperous (d) poisonous<br />(22) Effluents means (a) drinking water (b) salty water(c) fresh water (d) waste water<br /><br />invincible [antjankQex] a.無敵的;無法征服的;不屈不撓的<br />telling [tfUpaV] a.有力的;有效的;顯著的; 生動的;<br />prosperous [tdqFkdQqQk] a. 興旺的,繁榮的,昌盛的<br />poisonous [tdOalzQk] a.有毒的;有害的<br /><br />The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.<br />(23) Alleviate means (a) freshen (b) lighten (c) brighten (d) darken<br />(24) Crowd out means (a) exhume (b) seclude (c) include (d) exclude<br /><br />Exhume [avtlsbm] vt.(從墳墓處)掘出(屍體);發掘<br />seclude [kathpbg] vt.使隔離;使孤立;使隱退,使隱居[(+from)<br /><br />Standing in opposition to these advances are advocates of an organic food philosophy that holds to the simplistic notion that natural is good and synthetic is bad.<br />(25) Hold to means (a) hold on (b) look to (c) appear to (d) stick to<br />(26) Simplistic means (a) exaggerated too much (b) stated too much (c) embarrassed too much (d) simplified too much<br /><br />stick to 忠於;信守<br />embarrassed [amte@qQkf] a. 窘的,尷尬的<br /><br />Technically, however, all domesticated plants and animals were created by human selection of random mutations that occur in nature.<br />(27) Random means (a) without a method (b) without a point (c) without a principle (d) without a pattern<br />(28) Mutation means (a) generic transformation (b) genetic makeup (c) genetic engineering (d) genetic selection<br /><br />generic [gYatnUqah] a.【生】屬的,類的; 一般的,總稱的<br /><br />Lab work, however, is more nuanced than nature :<br />(29) Nuanced means (a) somewhat different (b) slightly different (c) completely different (d) exactly the same<br /><br />Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorous-extracting enzyme in its saliva.<br />(30) Novel means (a) nova (b) novice (c) old (d) new<br />(31) Secrete means (a) induce (b) mingle (c) increase (d) produce<br /><br />nova [tncjQ] n.【天】新星<br />novice [tnFjak] n.[C]新手,初學者[(+at)]<br />mingle [tmaVvx] vt.使混合,使相混[(+with/together)]<br /><br /><a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/" target="_blank">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11786176/site/newsweek/</a>END<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116097262417902373?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1160967548991561522006-10-15T19:57:00.000-07:002006-10-15T19:59:09.000-07:00Dogs Excel on Smell Test to Find Cancer<br />(1)習題範圍<br />In the small world of people who train dogs to sniff cancer, a little-known Northern California clinic has made a big claim: that it has trained five dogs -- three Labradors and two Portuguese water dogs -- to detect lung cancer in the breath of cancer sufferers with 99 percent accuracy.<br /><br />sniff [knai] vt.嗅,聞<br />Labrador [tp@eqQugOq] n.拉布拉多<br />Portuguese [tdcqfXNuv`l]n.葡萄牙人;葡萄牙語<br />sufferer [tkSiQqR] n.受難者; 患病者<br /><br />(2~3)習題範圍<br />The study was based on well-established concepts. It has been known since the 80's that tumors tiny amounts of alkanes and benzene derivatives not found in healthy tissue.<br /><br />well-established[trUpaktf@epaXf]a.已為大家接受的;信譽卓著的<br />concept [thFnkUdf] n.概念,觀念,思想<br />tumor [tfsbmR] n.【醫】腫;腫瘤;腫塊<br />exude [avtlsbg] vt.使滲出;發散(氣味等) vi.滲出;(氣味等)散發<br />alkane [t@puhTn] n.【化】鏈烷,烷烴<br />benzene [teUnl`n] n.【化】苯<br />derivative [gQtqajQfaj] a.引出的n.派生物;衍生物<br />tissue [tfaXN] n. (動植物的)組織<br /><br />(4~6)習題範圍<br />Other researchers have shown that dogs, whose noses can pick up odors in the low parts-per-billion range, can be trained to detect skin cancers or react differently to dried urine from healthy people and those with bladder cancer, but never with such remarkable consistency.<br /><br />odor [tcgR] n. 氣味;香氣;臭氣<br />react [qat@hf] vi.作出反應,反應<br />urine [tsNqan] n.尿[U]<br />bladder [tep@gR] n.【解】膀胱<br />consistency [hQntkakfQnka]n.(液體等的)濃度;黏稠;堅硬;堅硬度<br /><br /><br />(7)習題範圍<br />The near-perfection in the clinic's study, as Dr. Donald Berry, the chairman of biostatistics at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, put it, ''is off the charts: there are no laboratory tests as good as this, not Pap tests, not diabetes tests, nothing.''<br /><br />perfection [dRtiUhXQn] n.完美;盡善盡美<br />biostatistics [ueAackfQtfakfahk]n.(用作單數)生物統計學<br />off the chart 沒有根據<br />Pap tests ph. 巴氏子宮癌檢驗法<br />Diabetes [ugAaQte`f`l] n.糖尿病<br /><br />(8~10)習題範圍<br />As a result, he and other cancer experts say they are skeptical, but intrigued. Michael McCulloch, research director for the Pine Street Foundation in Marin County, Calif., and the lead researcher on the study, acknowledged that the results seemed too good to be true. (For breast cancer, with a smaller number of samples, the dogs were right about 88 percent of the time with almost no false positives, which compares favorably to mammograms.)<br />''Yes, we were astounded, as well,'' Mr. McCulloch said. ''And that's why it needs to be replicated with other dogs, plus chemical analysis of what's in the breath.''<br /><br />skeptical [tkhUdfahx] a.懷疑論的,不可知論的<br />intrigued [antfq`vg] a.好奇的;被迷住了的<br />breast [eqUkf] n.[C] 乳房;胸部;胸膛;胸脯<br />favorably [tiTjQqQepa] ad.贊同地;善意地<br />mammogram[tm@mQvq@m]n.乳房X光攝影片<br />astounded [QtkfANngag] a. 被震驚的;受驚駭的<br />replicate [tqUdpauhTf] vt.摺疊;複製 a.摺疊的;複製的<br /><br />(11~12)習題範圍<br />He is applying for National Science Foundation grants to try just that, he said. The fact that the study was carried out by a clinic supported by the Pine Street Foundation that combines traditional chemotherapy with acupuncture and herbal medicine raised suspicions, as did the fact that it is to be published by a little-known journal, Integrative Cancer Therapies. (The journal published it online last year.)<br /><br />carry out 完成,實行<br />chemotherapy[uhUmctZUqQda]n.化學療法<br />acupuncture [t@hsNudSVhfXR]n.針刺,針刺療法<br />herbal [toPex] a.草本的n.草本書;植物誌<br />journal [tgYPnx] n.[C]日報;雜誌;期刊<br />therapy [tZUqQda] n.治療,療法<br /><br />(13~15)習題範圍<br />But experts who read the study could not find any obvious fatal flaw in its methodology, and the idea that dogs can detect cancer is ''not crazy at all,'' said Dr. Ted Gansler, director of medical content in health information for the American Cancer Society. ''It's biologically plausible,'' he said, ''but there has to be a lot more study and confirmation of effectiveness.''<br />Dr. Berry, too, was interested but suspicious. ''If true, it's huge,'' he said. ''Which is one reason to be skeptical.''<br /><br />flaw [ipO] n.[C]裂隙;裂縫;缺點;瑕疵<br />biologically [eAaQtpFgYahpa]ad.生物學地<br />plausible [tdpOlQex] a.貌似真實的,貌似有理的<br /><br />(16~17)習題範圍<br />Dr. Berry noted, half-jokingly, that Gregor Mendel, the 19th-century discoverer of the laws of genetics, also reported data on his crossbreeding of green and yellow peas that was too good to be true: he repeatedly came up with the perfect 3-1 ratios he predicted. ''But we've forgiven Mendel and his gardener,'' Dr. Berry added, ''because his theory turned out to be right.''<br />In Mr. McCulloch's study, the five dogs, borrowed from owners and Guide Dogs for the Blind, were trained as if detecting bombs. They repeatedly heard a clicker and got a treat when they found a desired odor in many identical smelling spots.<br /><br />jokingly [tgYchaVpa] ad.打趣地,開玩笑地<br />genetics [gYQtnUfahk] n.遺傳學<br />crossbreed [thqOkueq`g] n.雜種 vt.使雜交繁育<br />come up 開始;發生<br />turn out to be ph. (後接名詞或形容詞)結果是...;原來是...;證明是...<br />identical [AatgUnfahx] a.同一的<br /><br />(18)習題範圍<br />The clinic collected breath samples in plastic tubes filled with polypropylene wool from 55 people just after biopsies found lung cancer and from 31 patients with breast cancer, as well as from 83 healthy volunteers.<br />The tubes were numbered, and then placed in plastic boxes and presented to the dogs, five at a time. If the dog smelled cancer, it was supposed to sit.<br /><br />polypropylene[udFpatdqcdp`n]n.【化】聚丙烯<br />wool [rNp] n.[U]羊毛<br />biopsy [eAatFdka] n.【醫】(活組織)切片檢查法<br />at a time 每次;一次<br />supposed to 可以;應該<br /><br />(19)習題範圍<br />For breath from lung cancer patients, Mr. McCulloch reported, the dogs correctly sat 564 times and incorrectly 10 times. (By adjusting for other factors, the researchers determined the accuracy rate at 99 percent.)<br />For the breath from healthy patients, they sat 4 times and did not sit 708 times.<br />Experts who read the study raised various objections: The smells of chemotherapy or smoking would be clues, they said. Or the healthy breath samples could have been collected in a different room on different days. Or the dogs could pick up subtle cues -- like the tiny, unintentional movements of observers picked up by Clever Hans, the 19th-century ''counting horse,'' as he neared a correct answer. But Mr. McCulloch said cancer patients who had begun chemotherapy were excluded, smokers were included in both groups and the breath samples were collected in the same rooms on the same days. The tubes were numbered elsewhere, he said, and the only assistant who knew which samples were cancerous was out of the room while the dogs were working.<br />Correction: January 20, 2006, Friday A picture caption in Science Times on Tuesday with an article about dogs trained to detect lung cancer by sniffing patients' breath misstated the breed of a dog, shown in the picture, that achieved high marks in a detection experiment. It was a Labrador, not a golden retriever.<br /><br />unintentional[uSnantfUnXQnx]a.非故意的;無意識的;偶然的<br />elsewhere [tUpkuorUq] ad.在別處;往別處;到別處<br /><br />(20)習題範圍<br />''The fact that dogs did this is kind of beside the point,'' he said. ''What this proved is that there are detectable differences in the breath of cancer patients. Now technology has to rise to that challenge.''<br />The next step, he said, will be to analyze breath samples with a gas chromatograph to figure out exactly which mixes of chemicals the dogs are reacting to.<br /><br />(21)習題範圍<br />Even if the dogs are accurate in repeat experiments, Dr. Gansler of the American Cancer Society said, it will be useful only as a preliminary scan. ''It's not like someone would start chemotherapy based on a dog test,'' he said. ''They'd still get a biopsy.''<br /><br /><br />新聞英文同義字練習題及其它文法整理之一<br />In the small world of people who train dogs to sniff <a title="Recent and archival health news about Cancer." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/cancer/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">cancer</a>, a little-known Northern California clinic has made a big claim: that it has trained five dogs - three Labradors and two Portuguese water dogs - to detect lung cancer in the breath of cancer sufferers with 99 percent accuracy.<br /><br />1 Claim means (a) reclaim (b) declaration (c) determination (d) baggage claim<br /><br />reclaim [qathpTm] vt. 使改過,使悔改,教化[<br />declaration [ugUhpQtqTXQn]n.[C][U]宣佈,宣告;宣言,聲明<br />determination [gaufPmQtnTXQn]n.堅定;果斷,決斷力<br /><br />The study was based on well-established concepts. It has been known since the 80's that <a title="Recent and archival health news about Tumors." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/tumors/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">tumors</a> exude tiny amounts of alkanes and benzene derivatives not found in healthy tissue.<br /><br />2 Well-established means (a) beautifully adorned (b) deep-grained (c) superficial (d) well-received<br />3 Derivative means (a) spin-off (b) dependence (c) deodorant (d) description<br /><br />adorn [QtgOqn] vt.裝飾;使生色[(+with)]<br />superficial [tkbdRtiaXQp]a.表面的;外表的<br />received [qatk`jg] a.被承認的;被認為標準的<br />spin-off [tkdanuOi] n.資產分派;讓產易股;副產品<br />deodorant [g`tcgQqQnf] n.防臭劑 a.止臭的;防臭的<br /><br />Other researchers have shown that dogs, whose noses can pick up odors in the low parts-per-billion range, can be trained to detect skin cancers or react differently to dried urine from healthy people and those with bladder cancer, but never with such remarkable consistency.<br /><br />4 Pick up means (a) lean (b) receive (c) repulse (d) fetch<br />5 Remarkable means (a) slumbering (b) striking (c) smearing (d) softening<br />6 Consistency means (a) conspiracy (b) accuracy (c) fantasy (d) confluence<br /><br />Repulse [qatdSpk] vt.擊退;驅逐<br />fetch [iUfX] vt.(去)拿來;去拿...給<br />slumb [tkpSmeR] n.睡眠;微睡er<br />smear [kmaq] vt.(塗抹;塗上(油、油漆等)【美】【俚】擊敗<br />soften [tkOiz] vt.使變柔軟;使變和藹vi.變柔和,變弱<br />conspiracy [hQntkdaqQka] n.陰謀;謀叛;共謀<br />fantasy [ti@nfQka] n.空想;幻想;夢想<br />confluence [thFnipNQnk] n.(河流的)匯合[U];匯流點<br /><br />The near-perfection in the clinic’s study, as Dr. Donald Berry, the chairman of biostatistics at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, put it, “is off the charts: there are no laboratory tests as good as this, not Pap tests, not <a title="Recent and archival health news about Diabetes." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/diabetes/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">diabetes</a> tests, nothing.”<br /><br />7 Off the chart means (a) jobless (b) homeless (c) childless (d) groundless<br /><br />Groundless [tvqANngpak] a.無根據的,無理由的;無基礎的<br /><br />As a result, he and other cancer experts say they are skeptical, but intrigued. “Yes, we were astounded, as well,” Mr. McCulloch said. “And that’s why it needs to be replicated with other dogs, plus chemical analysis of what’s in the breath.”<br /><br />8 Skeptical means (a) doubtful (b) truthful (c) beautiful (d) forceful<br />9 Intrigue means (a) impressed (b) interested (c) forgiven (d) betrayed <br />10 Replicate means (a) remembered (b) researched (c) repeated (d) reduced <br /><br />forceful [ticqkiQp] a. 強有力的;堅強的<br />betrayed [eatfqT] vt.背叛;出賣;對...不忠<br /><br />He is applying for National Science Foundation grants to try just that, he said. The fact that the study was carried out by a clinic supported by the Pine Street Foundation that combines traditional <a title="Recent and archival health news about Chemotherapy." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/chemotherapy/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">chemotherapy</a> with acupuncture and herbal medicine raised suspicions, as did the fact that it is to be published by a little-known journal, Integrative Cancer Therapies. (The journal published it online last year.)<br /><br />11 Chemotherapy means (a) treatment using chemicals (b) hydrotherapy (c) treatment using electricity (d) talking cure<br />12 Acupuncture means (a) treatment using prayers (b) treatment using needles (c) treatment using herbal tea (d) treatment using burning incense<br /><br />Hydrotherapy [toAagqQtZUqQda] n.【醫】水治療法<br />prayer [dqUq] n.祈禱,禱告<br /><br />But experts who read the study could not find any obvious fatal flaw in its methodology, and the idea that dogs can detect cancer is “not crazy at all,” said Dr. Ted Gansler, director of medical content in health information for the American Cancer Society. “It’s biologically plausible,” he said, “but there has to be a lot more study and confirmation of effectiveness.”<br /><br />13 Flaw means (a) strength (b) flow (c) float (d) defect<br />14 Plausible means (a) understandable (b) feasible (c) practicable (d) pleasant <br />15 Confirmation means (a) verification (b) stupefaction (c) intensification (d) modification<br /><br />feasible [ti`lQex] a.可行的;可實行的<br />verification [ujUqaiathTXQn]n.確認;證明;核實<br />stupefaction [ukfsbdQti@hXQn]n.麻醉;麻木狀態;驚慌失措<br />intensification[anufUnkQiQthTXQn]n.增強,強化;加緊,加劇<br /><br />Dr. Berry noted, half-jokingly, that Gregor Mendel, the 19th-century discoverer of the laws of <a title="Recent and archival health news about Genetics and Heredity." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/geneticsandheredity/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">genetics</a>, also reported data on his crossbreeding of green and yellow peas that was too good to be true: he repeatedly came up with the perfect 3-1 ratios he predicted. In Mr. McCulloch’s study, the five dogs, borrowed from owners and Guide Dogs for the Blind, were trained as if detecting bombs. They repeatedly heard a clicker and got a treat when they found a desired odor in many identical smelling spots.<br /><br />16 Come up with means (a) bring down (b) bring forth (c) bring up (d) bring into being <br />17 Identical means (a) ideal (b) the same (c) different (d) similar<br /><br />bring forth ph.生,產生;發表<br />bring up ph.養育;提起...,談到<br /><br />The clinic collected breath samples in plastic tubes filled with polypropylene wool from 55 people just after biopsies found lung cancer and from 31 patients with breast cancer, as well as from 83 healthy volunteers.<br /><br />18 Biopsies means (a) cloning of living organs (b) removal of dead tissue (c) removal of living tissue (d) cultivation of living cells<br /><br />Clone [hpcn] n.【植】克隆;無性繁殖系<br />tissue [tfaXN] n. 薄織物;薄紗;薄綢<br /><br />For breath from lung cancer patients, Mr. McCulloch reported, the dogs correctly sat 564 times and incorrectly 10 times. (By adjusting for other factors, the researchers determined the accuracy rate at 99 percent.)<br /><br />19 Determine means (a) deice (b) decide (c) defoliate (d) delink<br /><br />defoliate [g`ticpauTf] vt.使落葉;除掉...的葉<br /><br />“The fact that dogs did this is kind of beside the point,” he said. “What this proved is that there are detectable differences in the breath of cancer patients. Now technology has to rise to that challenge.”<br /><br />20 Beside the point means (a) incomplete (b) irrelevant (c) irregular (d) irresponsible <br /><br />irrelevant [atqUpQjQnf] a.不恰當的;無關係的;不對題的<br /><br />Even if the dogs are accurate in repeat experiments, Dr. Gansler of the American Cancer Society said, it will be useful only as a preliminary scan.<br /><br />21 Preliminary means (a) beginning (b) last (c) ultimate (d) eventual<br /><br />Paronym exercise :<br />1. Ops (Greek: oraw sight )<br />1). Paronym exercise<br />@遠視 hyperopia [uoAadQtqcdaQ] n.<br />è“hyper”為Greek字首，表示 ”超過、過度、在上”<br />è 高血壓 hypertension [uoAadRtfUnXQn] n.<br />è “hypo”為Greek字首，表示”在下,次於”<br />è 低血壓 hypotension [uoAadQtfUnXQn] n.<br />@近視 myopia [mAatcdaQ] n.<br />è “my”為Greek ”瞄” 的意思<br />@老花眼 presbyopia [udqUleatcdaQ] n.<br />è “presby”為 ”老的” 意思<br />@眼科大夫 ophthalmologist[uFiZ@ptmFpQgYakf] n.<br />@光學的 optical [tFdfahx] a.<br />@眼鏡商 optician [FdtfaXQn] n.<br />@驗光師 optometrist [FdtfFmQfqakf] n.<br />@驗屍 autopsy [tOfFdka] n.<br /><br />2. Graph, gram (Greek: write, writing, draw, drawing)<br />1). Paronym exercise<br />@色譜儀<br />@心電儀 cardiograph [thFqgaQuvq@i] n.<br />@心電圖 electrocardiogram[aupUhfqcthFqgaQuvq n.<br />@地震儀 seismograph [tkAalmQuvq@i] n.<br />@地震圖<br />@測謊機<br />@文法 grammar [tvq@mR] n.<br />@圖表 diagram [tgAaQuvq@m] n.<br />@生動的<br />@傳記 biography [eAatFvqQia] n.<br />@自傳 autobiography [uOfQeAatFvqQia] n.<br />@攝影 photograph [ticfQuvq@i] n.<br />@字典編纂<br />@電報 telegraphic [ufUpQtvq@iah] a.<br />@拍電報<br />@寫書法 calligraphy [hQtpavqQia] n.<br />@親筆簽名 autograph [tOfQuvq@i] n.<br />@段落 paragraph [td@qQuvq@i] n.<br />@書目 bibliography [ueaepatFvqQia] n.<br />@節目 program [tdqcvq@m] n.<br />@專論 monograph [tmFnQuvq@i] n.<br />@密碼學 cryptography [hqadtfFvqQia] n.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116096754899156152?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1160967474259480332006-10-15T19:56:00.000-07:002006-10-15T19:57:54.270-07:00Paronym練習 ( Love Triangle文章)<br />1. Age (Old English suffix : collective nound)<br /> 1). 源出於Latin語系，表示”集合”, “狀態”, “身份”<br /> 2). Paronym exercise :<br /> @ 貴族 peerage [tdaqagY] n<br /> @ 村莊 village [tjapagY] n.<br /> è”villa”, 別墅 + age >>> 村莊<br />@ 勇氣 courage [uhPagY] n.<br /> è字尾”cour”, 源出古法文 ，”心”的意思 。<br /> è 勇氣是集中在人”心”的器官<br />è take heart 鼓起勇氣<br />è lose heart 喪失勇氣<br />è lion-hearted 勇氣十足的<br />è chicken-hearted 膽小的<br />@ 語言 language [tp@VvragY] n.<br /> è”langu”, 源出法語系，表示”舌頭’<br /> è mother tongue 母語<br /> è bilingual 雙語[eAatpaVvrQp]<br /> @ 哩程數 mileage [tmAapagY] n. <br /> @ 廢水 sewage [tksbagY] n.<br /> @ 垃圾 garbage [tvFqeagY] n. <br /> @ 破銅爛鐵 wreckage [tqUhagY] n.<br /> @ 行李 baggage [te@vagY] n.<br /> @ 仲介公司 agency [tTgYQnka] n.<br /> @ 孤兒院 orphanage [tOqiQnagY] n.<br /> @ 一丘之狢 assemblage [QtkUmepagY] n.<br />@ 郵資 postage [tdckfagY] n.<br />@ 損害 damage [tg@magY] n.<br /><br />2. Ject, jac (Latin root : throw, thrown)<br /> 1). ject表示被動語態, jac表示主動語態<br /> 2). Paronym exercise :<br /> @ 卑鄙 abject [t@egYUhf] n<br />è”ab” 表示 ”掉了” >>>”被丟掉了”è卑鄙<br /> @ 鄰近的 adjacent [QtgYTkQnf] a.<br />@ 形容詞 adjective [t@gYahfaj] n.<br />è”ive” 表示 ”詞” >>>這個字被丟到~的旁邊è形容詞<br />èHe walks fast. >>>fast被丟到walk(動詞verb)的旁邊è所以副詞 ( adverb )<br />@ 推測 conjecture [hQntgYUhfXR] n.<br />@ 沮喪的 dejected [gatgYUhfag] a.<br /> @ 沮喪 dejection [gatgYUhXQn] n. <br /> @ 射出 ejaculate [atgY@hsQupTf] vt. vi.<br /> @ 排出 eject [atgYUhf] vt. vi.. <br /> @ 注射(v) inject [antgYUhf] vt.<br /> @ 注射(n) injection [antgYUhXQn] n.<br /> @ 打斷 interject [uanfRtgYUhf] vt.<br /> @ 噴射 jet [gYUf] n.<br /> @ 目標 objective [QetgYUhfaj] n.<br />@ 反對 object [tdckfagY] n.<br />@ 規劃 project [dqQtgYUhf] vt.<br />@ 拒絕 reject [qatgYUhf] vt.<br />@ 臣服(v) subject [kQetgYUhf] vt.<br />@ 臣服(n) subjection [kQetgYUhXQn] n.<br /><br /><br />3. cl (Old English prefix : 緊)<br /> 1). Paronym exercise :<br /> @ 緊抓住 clutch [hpSfX] vt.<br /> @ 緊抱住 cling [hpaV] vi.<br />@ 壓緊 clamp [hp@md] n. vt. vi.<br />@ 夾緊 clip [hpad] n. vt. vi.<br /> è迴紋針 paper clip<br />@ 守口如瓶 keep one’s mouth clam <br /> @ 扣緊 clasp [hp@kd] n. vt. vi. <br /> @ 塞緊 clutter [thpSfR] n. vt. vi.<br /> @ 關緊 close [hpcl] vt. vi.<br /> @ 緊靠著 close by <br /> @ 千鈞一髮 a close call <br /> @ 腳爪 claw [hpO] n. vt. vi<br /><br />Dogs Excel on Smell Test to Find Cancer<br />(詳見文章檔案)<br /><br />END<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-116096747425948033?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1159342246107932832006-09-27T00:30:00.000-07:002006-09-27T00:30:46.123-07:00新聞英文同義字練習題及其它文法整理之一<br />In the small world of people who train dogs to sniff <a title="Recent and archival health news about Cancer." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/cancer/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">cancer</a>, a little-known Northern California clinic has made a big claim: that it has trained five dogs - three Labradors and two Portuguese water dogs - to detect lung cancer in the breath of cancer sufferers with 99 percent accuracy.<br />1 Claim means (a) reclaim (b) declaration (c) determination (d) baggage claim<br />The study was based on well-established concepts. It has been known since the 80's that <a title="Recent and archival health news about Tumors." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/tumors/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">tumors</a> exude tiny amounts of alkanes and benzene derivatives not found in healthy tissue.<br />2 Well-established means (a) beautifully adorned (b) deep-grained (c) superficial (d) well-received<br />3 Derivative means (a) spin-off (b) dependence (c) deodorant (d) description<br />Other researchers have shown that dogs, whose noses can pick up odors in the low parts-per-billion range, can be trained to detect skin cancers or react differently to dried urine from healthy people and those with bladder cancer, but never with such remarkable consistency.<br />4 Pick up means (a) lean (b) receive (c) repulse (d) fetch<br />5 Remarkable means (a) slumbering (b) striking (c) smearing (d) softening<br />6 Consistency means (a) conspiracy (b) accuracy (c) fantasy (d) confluence<br />The near-perfection in the clinic’s study, as Dr. Donald Berry, the chairman of biostatistics at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, put it, “is off the charts: there are no laboratory tests as good as this, not Pap tests, not <a title="Recent and archival health news about Diabetes." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/diabetes/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">diabetes</a> tests, nothing.”<br />7 Off the chart means (a) jobless (b) homeless (c) childless (d) groundless<br />As a result, he and other cancer experts say they are skeptical, but intrigued. “Yes, we were astounded, as well,” Mr. McCulloch said. “And that’s why it needs to be replicated with other dogs, plus chemical analysis of what’s in the breath.”<br />8 Skeptical means (a) doubtful (b) truthful (c) beautiful (d) forceful<br />9 Intrigue means (a) impressed (b) interested (c) forgiven (d) betrayed <br />10 Replicate means (a) remembered (b) researched (c) repeated (d) reduced <br />He is applying for National Science Foundation grants to try just that, he said. The fact that the study was carried out by a clinic supported by the Pine Street Foundation that combines traditional <a title="Recent and archival health news about Chemotherapy." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/chemotherapy/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">chemotherapy</a> with acupuncture and herbal medicine raised suspicions, as did the fact that it is to be published by a little-known journal, Integrative Cancer Therapies. (The journal published it online last year.)<br />11 Chemotherapy means (a) treatment using chemicals (b) hydrotherapy (c) treatment using electricity (d) talking cure<br />12 Acupuncture means (a) treatment using prayers (b) treatment using needles (c) treatment using herbal tea (d) treatment using burning incense<br />But experts who read the study could not find any obvious fatal flaw in its methodology, and the idea that dogs can detect cancer is “not crazy at all,” said Dr. Ted Gansler, director of medical content in health information for the American Cancer Society. “It’s biologically plausible,” he said, “but there has to be a lot more study and confirmation of effectiveness.”<br />13 Flaw means (a) strength (b) flow (c) float (d) defect<br />14 Plausible means (a) understandable (b) feasible (c) practicable (d) pleasant <br />15 Confirmation means (a) verification (b) stupefaction (c) intensification (d) modification<br />Dr. Berry noted, half-jokingly, that Gregor Mendel, the 19th-century discoverer of the laws of <a title="Recent and archival health news about Genetics and Heredity." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/health/diseasesconditionsandhealthtopics/geneticsandheredity/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier">genetics</a>, also reported data on his crossbreeding of green and yellow peas that was too good to be true: he repeatedly came up with the perfect 3-1 ratios he predicted. In Mr. McCulloch’s study, the five dogs, borrowed from owners and Guide Dogs for the Blind, were trained as if detecting bombs. They repeatedly heard a clicker and got a treat when they found a desired odor in many identical smelling spots.<br />16 Come up with means (a) bring down (b) bring forth (c) bring up (d) bring into being <br />17 Identical means (a) ideal (b) the same (c) different (d) similar<br />The clinic collected breath samples in plastic tubes filled with polypropylene wool from 55 people just after biopsies found lung cancer and from 31 patients with breast cancer, as well as from 83 healthy volunteers.<br />18 Biopsies means (a) cloning of living organs (b) removal of dead tissue (c) removal of living tissue (d) cultivation of living cells<br />For breath from lung cancer patients, Mr. McCulloch reported, the dogs correctly sat 564 times and incorrectly 10 times. (By adjusting for other factors, the researchers determined the accuracy rate at 99 percent.)<br />19 Determine means (a) deice (b) decide (c) defoliate (d) delink<br />“The fact that dogs did this is kind of beside the point,” he said. “What this proved is that there are detectable differences in the breath of cancer patients. Now technology has to rise to that challenge.”<br />20 Beside the point means (a) incomplete (b) irrelevant (c) irregular (d) irresponsible <br />Even if the dogs are accurate in repeat experiments, Dr. Gansler of the American Cancer Society said, it will be useful only as a preliminary scan.<br />21 Preliminary means (a) beginning (b) last (c) ultimate (d) eventual<br />Ops (Greek: oraw sight )<br />遠視__________ 近視 __________老花眼__________ 眼科大夫__________ 光學的__________ 眼鏡商__________ 驗光師__________ 驗屍__________<br />Graph, gram (Greek: write, writing, draw, drawing)<br />色譜儀_______心電儀________心電圖__________地震儀___________地震圖__________測謊機_________文法___________ 圖表___________ 生動的___________ 傳記___________ 自傳___________ 攝影___________ 字典編纂___________電報___________ 拍電報___________ 寫書法___________<br />親筆簽名___________ 段落___________ 書目___________ 節目___________ 專論___________ 密碼學___________<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-115934224610793283?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1159337349435119832006-09-26T23:07:00.000-07:002006-09-26T23:09:09.446-07:00您所詢問的商品： Saving Fish from Drowning<br /> 目前誠品網路書店已有銷售平裝版本，價格為252元，請您參考以下連結。<br /> <a title="http://www.eslitebooks.com/cgi-bin/eslite.dll/search/book/book.jsp?idx=" pageno="1&amp;PRODUCT_ID=" href="http://www.eslitebooks.com/cgi-bin/eslite.dll/search/book/book.jsp?idx=1&pageNo=1&amp;PRODUCT_ID=2680128866009">http://www.eslitebooks.com/cgi-bin/eslite.dll/search/book/book.jsp?idx=1&pageNo=1&amp;PRODUCT_ID=2680128866009</a><br /> 您可以直接點選購物車購買即可，網路書店在確認您的訂單後，將會幫您進行後續處理。<br /> 如尚有其他需要我們為您服務的地方，歡迎隨時與我們連絡，我們將竭誠為您服務。<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-115933734943511983?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34984142.post-1159195836239610972006-09-25T07:49:00.001-07:002006-09-25T07:50:36.263-07:00LOVE TRIANGLE<br /><br />The storied New York City skyline gets a surge of exhilaration with the first worthy addition of the century<br /><br />1. If you like turmoil, architecture is the place to be right now. The last time the field had something like a prevailing style was in the 1970s, at what appeared to be the tail end of Modernism. It was a moment when everybody knew the formula for a successful building- Glass + Steel=Box-and everybody was sick of it.<br />2. We live now in a creative free-for-all, when Deconstruction, Expressionism and a half a dozen other unorthodoxies reign. But as it turns out, Modernism never actually died. What it did was evolve-sometimes into something really interesting. To see what that means right now just stand at the corner of Eighth Avenue and 57th Street in New York City and run your eyes up and down the shimmying silhouette of the Hearst Tower, a new office building by the British architect Norman Foster. What you’ll be looking at may be the most gratifying specimen of Modernist invention since Foster’s “gherkin,” the torpedo-shaped office building he dropped on London two years ago. Or maybe since his transparent dome for the Reichstag in Berlin. Or his serene and lucid courtyard for the British Museum. You get the picture.<br />3. Forster’s tower, his first sizable project in the U.S., rises from within a six-story brown masonry base that dates from the 1920s. That’s when newspaper baron William Randolph Hearst commissioned the architect and stage designer Joseph Urban to produce a low-rise headquarters for Hearst’s growing empire. The intention was that a taller addition would be constructed later, but the Depression intervened. For nearly eight decades, the Deco-flavored base stood alone. In the late 1990s the Hearst Corp. decided to keep the old building but to hollow it out and erect a new tower within and above it.<br />4. For that the Hearst people went to Lord Foster- the peerage came in 1999-for years the man Asian banking executive and Arab sheiks have pursued for the luster of Big Architecture. When you visit his firm’s vast London offices you understand what it must have been like to await an audience with the doge in 16th century Venice. Clients and would-be clients from around the world crisscross the reception area clutching their portfolios and chattering in Italian and Russian. The British press says his profits have been in decline. He even lost a commission last year to a firm established by a onetime Foster architect, Hen Shuttleworth, who reportedly left because of a dispute with Foster about haring credit for the gherkin, which is known more formally as the Swiss Re headquarters. But Foster’s immense operation-he employs 534 people-is still thriving. It has projects under way in 22 nations, including a substantial addition to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts a pyramidal office tower in Moscow City and a huge airport for Beijing.<br />5. So when the Hearst people chose Foster, they knew they were getting an international star. Still, they might not have suspected he would give them the best building to appear in New York City in years. (It may also be a first sign of new hope for the city’s beleaguered skyline, overbuilt with middling boxes. Major additions are now promised or under way from a long list of architects of Foster’s caliber, including Frank Gehry, Fumihiko Maki, Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers.) What Foster has created is a 46-story notched glass tower covered with a webwork of triangles, called a diagrid, in off-white stainless steel. That serpentine frame is both structural-it supports most of the building’s weight- and delightful. It makes of the whole exterior a cage where sunlight plays all day. In the morning the light slaloms up and down the bright diagonals. At twilight those same lines glow. And because the diagrid divides the building into four-story segments, it provides a human scale that an unbroken glass-curtain wall would not. Who cares that it tiptoes right up to the edge of gaudy? Given the mediocrity of so much that has been crammed into the Manhattan skyline over the past 25 years, you could do worse than risk a bit of glitter to arrive at real jubilation.<br />6. The Hearst Tower proves again that Foster, 70, can orchestrate a very canny combination of the cerebral anonymity of high tech and the personal flourishes of the artiste. While you might not call his mostly heavyset structures lyrical, the best of them are vivid without being contrived, which means that even their most idiosyncratic twists and turns can be traced to some engineering or environmental requirement. So the stainless-steel diagrid of the Hearst Tower is not just jazzy but also purposeful. Triangles are more stable than rectangles. “A triangular structure has more ‘load paths,’” Foster explains, using the engineer’s term for the lines along which a framework carries a building’s weight. “So if you take away some of that structure, the loads redistribute themselves.” That’s another way of saying that if a terrorist truck bomb were to blow away part of the lower floors, the exterior diagrid would-it is hoped –still hug the upper floors tightly.<br />7. When it first got under way, early in the 20th century, Modernism was an idealistic undertaking. Clean lines and glass-curtain walls were supposed to bring on a more just, more rational world. After World War II, the style drifted from its utopian foundations and was adopted wholesale for corporate headquarters everywhere. But Foster has kept his connection to Modernism’s idealistic strain. His designs are environmentally conscious. His new library at Berlin’s Free University is the last word in energy efficiency. And the diagrids of the Hearst Tower use 20% less steel than a conventional frame does. His office buildings also configure space in new ways that give workers more access to light , air and one another. He wants to prove that skyscrapers can be good citizens, not just municipal thugs that hang around on street corners and steal sunlight and energy from the city.<br />8. Keep all that in mind when you step into the tour de force just inside the Hearst Tower. Instead of a conventional lobby, Foster has produced a massive indoor piazza, a 10-story atrium bathed in sunlight from overhead skylights and surrounded by the windowed masonry walls of Urban’s original base, which give the appearance of exterior walls facing inward. At a time when cities have ever less interest in parks or open space, this is an office tower with a town square inside, not a shopping mall. “A building should try to give something back to the city in terms if public space,” Foster says. Like most other architects, he believes that whether we like it or not, density is the future. That’s not bad thing, he hastens to add, so long as sufficient open space is provided within new buildings. He likes to remind people that the wealthiest, most sought-after parts of London are the most crowded. “Kensington, Belgravia, Mayfair are four or five times the density of the poorer boroughs,” he says.<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/34984142-115919583623961097?l=luifrancine.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Francine~*http://www.blogger.com/profile/08887746447838755921noreply@blogger.com0